{"id":4857,"date":"2021-04-26T12:55:10","date_gmt":"2021-04-26T10:55:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/?post_type=documentaire&#038;p=4857"},"modified":"2022-04-26T09:13:47","modified_gmt":"2022-04-26T07:13:47","slug":"an-estate-on-the-windward-coast-le-grand-hazier-history-of-a-concession-a-place-name-and-a-creole-estate-over-300-years-old","status":"publish","type":"documentaire","link":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/en\/documentaires\/plantation-society\/important-plantation-owners\/an-estate-on-the-windward-coast-le-grand-hazier-history-of-a-concession-a-place-name-and-a-creole-estate-over-300-years-old\/","title":{"rendered":"An estate on the windward coast &#8211;<em>Le Grand Hazier<\/em> \u2013 history of a concession, a place-name and a Creole estate over 300 years old"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><em>Le Grand Hazier<\/em> is without any doubt among the oldest of the estates on Reunion Island.<\/h2>\n<div style=\"width: 525px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-4857-1\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/poster_rossignol.jpg\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ROSSIGNOL_ENG.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ROSSIGNOL_ENG.mp4\">https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/ROSSIGNOL_ENG.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>The concession was initially granted between 1674 and 1678<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.2616257854797184\" aria-label=\"Vauboulon trial.\">&nbsp;<\/span> by the governor d\u2019Orgeret<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.33707676487194393\" aria-label=\"Henry Hesse d\u2019Orgeret was governor of Bourbon from 1st December 1674 to 17th June 1678. \">&nbsp;<\/span> to Jean Julien, born in Lyon around 1674. He was a former soldier enlisted by the French East India Company in Fort Dauphin. With his Madagascan wife, he settled on the windward coast, where he began to work the land he owned in Sainte-Suzanne, which was confirmed as being his property in 1703 and where he raised a few head of cattle and some poultry.<\/p>\n<p>Throughout his period, there were slaves working on the estate and contributing to the development of <em>le Grand Hazier<\/em>. Charles, a slave originally from India who arrived with Jean Julien and his wife, was certainly the first slave to work on the concession of <em>le Grand Hazier<\/em>. In 1709, Jean Julien exchanged<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7469754147276397\" aria-label=\"ADR (Reunion departmental archives), 3E29, exchange Julien\/Panon 27 October 1709.\">&nbsp;<\/span> Charles for one of the slaves belonging to Augustin Panon. His work and close knowledge of the estate were apparently greatly appreciated by his new owner, recently arriving from Toulon<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.5366438091805297\" aria-label=\"Augustin Panon was born in Toulon (Var). A baker\u2019s son, he arrived on Bourbon island at the end of 1689 on board the Saint Jean Baptiste.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, who had acquired half of Grand Hazier estate a few years before. Jean Julien, whose wife had recently died and who was growing old, was no longer able to take care of the upkeep of his land and decided to entrust the growing of crops on the estate to Augustin Panon.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3094\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3094\" style=\"width: 1737px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Donation-panon-jullien.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3094 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Donation-panon-jullien.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1737\" height=\"1311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Donation-panon-jullien.jpg 1737w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Donation-panon-jullien-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Donation-panon-jullien-768x580.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Donation-panon-jullien-1024x773.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3094\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donation of a slave, Augustin Panon and Jean Julien Lousteau. 27th October 1709.<br \/>Manuscript. Extract of notarial deed, sub-section 3E.<br \/>Collection of Reunion Departmental archives<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Following the death of Jean Julien in 1714, Augustin Panon, a former journeyman now working as a house carpenter and joiner, who had acquired half of the estate ten years before<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7481876472893725\" aria-label=\"ADR, C\u00b01921, Register of concessions from 1690 to 1725.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, became the sole owner of the concession, which stretched from the gully of Grand Hazier to that of Jean Bellon and from the south of <em>grand chemin<\/em> as far as Bagatelle<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.14491768208712041\" aria-label=\"ADR, C\u00b01921, Register of concessions from 1690 to 1725 \u2013 Concession contract of Augustin PANON dated 26 July 1724.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The ancestor of the Panon dynasty built his fortune by acquiring several concessions, and in particular le Grand Hazier, where he actually never lived, preferring the estate of La Mare, where he constructed the colony\u2019s most beautiful mansion <span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.07369879841088733\" aria-label=\"In his text \u2018M\u00e9moire pour servir \u00e0 la connoissance particuli\u00e8re de chacun des habitans de l\u2019Isle de Bourbon\u2019 BOUCHER said of him: \u201cAn excellent carpenter and joiner, he built himself a beautiful mansion at la Mare, which, for number of years during the 18th century, had the reputation of being of exceptionally designed as well as solid.\u201d\">&nbsp;<\/span>. On his estates, he grew wheat, rice, millet, sweet potatoes, a small amount of sugarcane as well as various fruits and vegetables. In 1710, he owned over 250 animals.<\/p>\n<p>A large number of slaves were employed on the estates of le Grand Hazier and La Mare, enabling Augustin Panon to plant 22,000 coffee bushes on the 1751 acres<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.21922464989780144\" aria-label=\" 438 hectares.\">&nbsp;<\/span> of land belonging to him.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Slaves of Augustin Panon<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.8038303933826856\" aria-label=\"ADR, censuses from 1708 to 1747, C\u00b0767 \u00e0 C\u00b0793.\">&nbsp;<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Slaves_owned_by_Augustin_Desbassayns-3.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4907 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Slaves_owned_by_Augustin_Desbassayns-3-e1619431542949.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"647\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<p>Desforges-Boucher<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.4582072190384707\" aria-label=\"Antoine LABB\u00c9, referred to as Desforges-Boucher, born in Brest around 1679, enlisted as a sailor on a ship leaving for India. Seized by the Moors, has was freed in 1695 by S\u00e9guier de Liancourt, governor of Pondicherry. When he disembarked by chance on Bourbon island, the governor de Villers offered him a post of storekeeper. He went back to France having won a fortune at gambling. He married Charlotte Duhamel, niece of the director of the French East India company. In 1723 he returned to Bourbon as deputy governor and then became governor in 1723. He died on 1st December 1725.\">&nbsp;<\/span> who came back to the island in 1723, insisted on the island\u2019s settlers having their estates marked out, which, notably, enabled him to impose taxes according to the amount of land they owned. The concession of le Grand Hazier, acquired by Augustin Panon almost 20 years previously, at the time measured over 62,000 square \u2018rods\u2019<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.6639879305231805\" aria-label=\"The \u2018gaulette\u2019 or rod, measuring 15 feet, was equivalent to 4,872m.\">&nbsp;<\/span> or 147 hectares. In 1730, at the death of his wife Fran\u00e7oise Ch\u00e2telain, the estate, all of which was acquired jointly, was divided between Augustin Panon and the 10 children she had with her four husbands. The nine surviving children each became owners of a plot measuring approximately 12 ha and Augustin Panon was granted a plot measuring approximately 110 hectares. As from this period, certain branches of the Panon family took on the family names of Panon Lamare and Panon du Hazier, the latter most probably being the owner of <em>le Grand Hazier<\/em>, showing how well-known this exceptional estate they had become. Others took on the names of Panon du Portail, Panon de l\u2019Inde and Panon Desbassayns.<\/p>\n<p>As from 1715, when the boom of Moka coffee arrived on Bourbon island, members of the Panon family and their heirs actively participated in developing this crop, encouraged by the island\u2019s Council. In 1741<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.8528620427662651\" aria-label=\"ADR, C\u00b0787, individual census reports for Saint Denis, 1741.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, Augustin Panon declared 32 000 coffee plants, Louis Caillou, husband of Panon\u2019s daughter Catherine declared 29,000, while Jean Louis Gilles Fran\u00e7ois Desblotti\u00e8res, husband of the youngest daughter Marie, declared close to 40,000. When Bourbon island was transferred from the French East India Company to the King of France, the situation on the island became concerning. The coffee plants were seriously damaged by three destructive cyclones in 1772, 1773 and 1774. The large-scale landowners took advantage of the precarious situation of smaller-scale owners, who had lost their entire crop, to acquire additional land. The wealth of a landowner was now measured not only according to the area of his estate, but depended above all on the number of coffee plants and number of slaves. Coffee growing, which necessitated a large workforce, led to the beginnings of a large-scale slave trade.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3098\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3098\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/R03702.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3098 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/R03702.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"862\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/R03702.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/R03702-300x259.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/R03702-768x662.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3098\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picking coffee. 1887. Engraving. In: La R\u00e9union et Madagascar \/ Fernand Hue, p. 119. <br \/>Collection of Reunion Departmental library<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Around 1785, the landowners settled in the locality of le Grand Hazier were called Grinne, Gillot, Panon l\u2019Inde<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.4360633134410391\" aria-label=\"Son of Joseph Panon Lamare.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, Sentuary<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.2132102461761909\" aria-label=\"Son-in-law of Catherine Panon.\">&nbsp;<\/span> et Delaunay<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.13095178740939317\" aria-label=\"Son of Suzanne Panon.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. With the exception of Grinne, they were all heirs of or otherwise connected to the Panon dynasty. Jean Jacques Panon l\u2019Inde<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.4851804829155141\" aria-label=\"Appointed in charge of trading posts of Narsapoor and Yanaon in 1757, then captain of a company of volunteers at Mazulipatam, he went back to Yanaon, then to Chandernagor and died in Patna in 1802, where he had been in charge of the trading post since 1773.\">&nbsp;<\/span> is without any doubt one of the least known of Joseph Panon Lamare\u2019s children. An officer of the troops in Pondicherry as from 1736, his spent entire military career in India. He entrusted the management of the land he owned in le Grand Hazier to his nephew Pierre Auguste Delaunay, already owner of a neighbouring plot.<\/p>\n<p>However, it was only after 1789 that Nicolas Caradec, one of Delaunay\u2019s heirs, truly developed the estate of le Grand Hazier. Coming from Brittany, Caradec, of noble birth, was a former officer who had fought at Pondicherry. He married Madeleine Gillot<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.06694897264391142\" aria-label=\"Niece of Fran\u00e7oise Grayell, daughter of Anne Panon.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, the daughter of a rich landowner. He planted maize, rice, wheat and cassava on the estate, as well as coffee and cloves.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3100\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3100\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/15P1-HM1-19-coupe-de-canne-a-sucre.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3100 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/15P1-HM1-19-coupe-de-canne-a-sucre.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"634\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/15P1-HM1-19-coupe-de-canne-a-sucre.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/15P1-HM1-19-coupe-de-canne-a-sucre-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/15P1-HM1-19-coupe-de-canne-a-sucre-768x487.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3100\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">LA REUNION. \u2013 Sugar-cane harvest. Collection H.M.. [1899-19&#8230;]. Photo-mechanical print. <br \/>Private collection of Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Hibon de Frohen. Rights reserved<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>When Caradec died in 1813, the estate covered close to 52 hectares. His widow more more or less abandoned the growing of food crops to take up the challenge of sugarcane and construct a sugar factory, probably before 1830. She received the support of members of the Nas de Tourris family, who inherited the estate when the widow died in 1843.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The number of slaves working on the estate in the early 19th-century had more or less remained the same since 1747. When Nicolas Caradec\u2019s widow and the Tourris family took up the challenge of sugarcane and constructed the sugar factory on the Grand Hazier estate, they needed to increase their workforce, despite the law that now banned the slave trade<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.5536227432120592\" aria-label=\"On 26 July 1817, a decree passed on Bourbon island was added to by the law dated 15th April 1818, banning the slave trade in the French Colonial Empire.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, Fifty slaves, including 20 or so young \u2018blacks\u2019<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.17470748432785432\" aria-label=\"Coming from Southern Africa.\">&nbsp;<\/span> were listed in the inventory drawn up following the death of Marie Nicolas Gustave de Nas de Tourris.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Distribution_by_caste_and_age_of_slaves-1-6-e1619678391351.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4952\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Distribution_by_caste_and_age_of_slaves-1-6-e1619678391351.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"469\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Demography_of_le_Grand_Hazier_from_1805_to_1848-3-e1619431565737.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4917\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Demography_of_le_Grand_Hazier_from_1805_to_1848-3-e1619431565737.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"551\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Castes_of_slaves_on_le_Grand_Hazier_from_1805_to_1848-2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4911 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Castes_of_slaves_on_le_Grand_Hazier_from_1805_to_1848-2-e1619431585237.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"455\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Le Grand Hazier<\/em> was more particularly developed by the son of a settler from Brittany, a certain Jean Baptiste Marie Z\u00e9phirin Martin Renoyal de Lescouble who, from 1811 to 1838, gave an account of his life on Bourbon island<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.4451256639218121\" aria-label=\"RENOYAL de LESCOUBLE, Jean Baptiste, Journal d\u2019un colon de l\u2019\u00eele Bourbon, 3 volumes, L\u2019Harmattan \u2013 Editions du Tramail \u2013 1990.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. We should remember that at the time la Grand Hazier was seen as just a place-name rather than as an estate in its own right. It was in this context that from 1811 to 1813 Lescouble lived on the property belonging to this half-brother Grinn, not far from that belonging to Caradec<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7495047821339424\" aria-label=\"Caradec lived on the estate that corresponds to the one we know today.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. The neighbours with whom he had friendly relations were called Caradec, Grinne an the widow Fr\u00e9on<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.10173645487781824\" aria-label=\"Elisabeth Euphrasie L\u00e9ger, wife of Laurent Lambert Fr\u00e9on and the grand-daughter of Marie Esparon, daughter of Fran\u00e7oise Ch\u00e2telain, and was owner of the Belle-Eau estate situated to the north of le Grand Hazier and le grand chemin leading from Saint-Denis to Sainte-Suzanne.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3124\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3124\" style=\"width: 760px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Plan-habitation-mauvais-\u00e9tat.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3124 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Plan-habitation-mauvais-\u00e9tat.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"760\" height=\"467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Plan-habitation-mauvais-\u00e9tat.jpg 760w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Plan-habitation-mauvais-\u00e9tat-300x184.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 706px) 89vw, (max-width: 767px) 82vw, 740px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3124\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plan, in very poor condition, not dated, found in one of the old buildings on the estate. It apparently dates back to the early 19th century. We can note that the locations of the buildings were the same as those of the current constructions. The main house, probably the one built by Nicolas Caradec before the end of the 18th century, can be easily identified. It is located at the far end of the estate (the U-shaped building).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">The main house, constructed at the time of Caradec, was built <em>in timber, with a shingle cladding and panelled. <\/em>It was relatively modest, but already built to the standards applied to the Creole houses belonging to important landowners: a two-storey house with a veranda, sitting-room, dining-room and outside kitchen. It was constructed facing the large group of huts housing the slaves and adjacent to the \u2018<em>calbanon<\/em>\u2019<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.6966687691560929\" aria-label=\" Unlike the word \u2018cabanon\u2019 which, in French refers to a hut or in Proven\u00e7al to a small country house, the Creole term refers to accommodation which remains a symbol of the \u2018camp destined for slaves, then indentured labourers\u2019 who worked on the sugarcane plantations. It was a large wooden or stone building with a roof of straw, tiles or shingles, divided up into identical rooms (a single row under a single pitched roof or two rows under a gabled roof). Each room, the sides of which measured 3 to 4 m, was lit up during the day through the sole door, as well as small openings placed at the top of the wall at the far end and was separated from the others by stone or wooden partitions; it was occupied by a family or several single men. Its function was simply that of a dormitory and there was no running water. Its occupants were left to organise all the activities linked to hygiene and food by themselves. (Ren\u00e9 ROBERT and Christian BARAT Dictionnaire illustr\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, Editions Diffusion Culturelle de France).\">&nbsp;<\/span> constructed around 1848. The house being dilapidated, the Nas de Tourris family had it reconstructed around 1860. It was later bought by the Chassagne family, who are the current owners.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3106\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3106\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/La-nouvelle-maison.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"taille-initiale wp-image-3106 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/La-nouvelle-maison.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/La-nouvelle-maison.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/La-nouvelle-maison-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/La-nouvelle-maison-768x537.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3106\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Main fa\u00e7ade, 1903. Photograph.<br \/>Chassagne family private collection. Rights reserved<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">After 1859, a large number of the indentured workers needed for growing sugarcane were affected by the cholera epidemics. Louis de Nas de Tourris, at the time mayor of Sainte-Suzanne, was particularly attentive not only to the health of the workers on his estate, but also to that of the population of Sainte-Suzanne. His diligence during this difficult period led to his being granted the title of Knight of the French Legion of Honour and being honoured by Emperor Napol\u00e9on III himself<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.2099075179222455\" aria-label=\"DEJEAN de La BATIE, Antoine, Histoire g\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de la famille NAS de TOURRIS en Provence et \u00e0 l\u2019Ile Bourbon, ed. 1934.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. The resulting crisis led the Creole planters to find other sources of income to compensate for the drop in sugarcane production.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">The Governor Darricau asked Louis de Nas de Tourris to travel to New Caledonia to explore the idea of planting sugarcane and constructing new factories there. On returning, convinced that he had found the new El Dorado for sugarcane, Louis de Nas de Tourris sold the estate and left with his family, followed by other Creole e state owners who also left for New Caledonia, taking with them a certain number of Indian employees, specialised in the growing of sugarcane<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.06079452272034169\" aria-label=\"Jerry DELATHIERE Ils ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 La Foa, familles pionni\u00e8res de Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, edited by the town council of de La Foa, 2000\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3108\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3108\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Longere-des-ouvriers-.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3108 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Longere-des-ouvriers-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"673\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Longere-des-ouvriers-.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Longere-des-ouvriers--300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Longere-des-ouvriers--768x517.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3108\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Long building housing workers. 1903. Photograph.<br \/>Chassagne family private collection. Rights reserved<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3110\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3110\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-calbanon-aujourd-hui.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3110 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-calbanon-aujourd-hui.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-calbanon-aujourd-hui.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-calbanon-aujourd-hui-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-calbanon-aujourd-hui-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3110\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u2018Calbanon\u2019 (workers\u2019 accommodation) as it stands today. Claude Rossignol. January 2019. Photograph.<br \/>Claude Rossignol. Rights reserved<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Adolphe Richard and his wife Marie Eug\u00e9nie Deshayes bought the large estate from Louis de Nas de Tourris and in 1876 added to it the estate of Belle Eau, located to the north of Grand Hazier. Adolphe Richard also took over from Louis de Nas de Tourris in his position of first magistrate of the town, a post that he held until he died in 1885. His wife outlived him by five years, but due to the complexity of the inheritance, it took a certain time for the estate to be handed down.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">At the end of the century, <em>le Grand Hazier<\/em> was marked out and surrounded on all sides by estates belonging to the heirs of the widow Jurien, who was none other than Camille Panon Desbassayns de Richemont<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.0335108259937269\" aria-label=\"Marie Antoinette Camille Panon Desbassayns de Richemont. She was born on the 4 August 1811 in Saint-Denis (ANOM, register of marriages of Saint-Denis 1831, entry N\u00b018), daughter of Joseph Panon baron Desbassayns and Marie Elisabeth Pajot, wife of Louis Charles Jurien (1797-1858), Viscount of La Gravi\u00e8re, Officer of the Legion of Honour, General Commissioner of the Navy, Prefect of Rochefort, she died in Paris on 11 August 1878. (Municipal archives of Paris, 7th district, register of deaths, entry N\u00b0 1614).\">&nbsp;<\/span>, the descendant of Augustin Panon, owner of le Grand Hazier at the start of the 18th-century.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3114\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3114\" style=\"width: 1538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/5P1-2006-JL-PL-518-vue-aerienne-des-champs-de-cannes-a-sucre-.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3114 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/5P1-2006-JL-PL-518-vue-aerienne-des-champs-de-cannes-a-sucre-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1538\" height=\"928\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/5P1-2006-JL-PL-518-vue-aerienne-des-champs-de-cannes-a-sucre-.jpg 1538w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/5P1-2006-JL-PL-518-vue-aerienne-des-champs-de-cannes-a-sucre--300x181.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/5P1-2006-JL-PL-518-vue-aerienne-des-champs-de-cannes-a-sucre--768x463.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/5P1-2006-JL-PL-518-vue-aerienne-des-champs-de-cannes-a-sucre--1024x618.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3114\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sainte-Suzanne: aerial view of sugar-cane fields around the estates of Le Grand Hazier and Bel Air. Jean Legros. 1955-1960. Photograph. <br \/>Private collection of Jean Legros (1920-2004). Rights reserved<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">This area close to the coast was for a long time covered by forest, but the trees had virtually all been cut down by this time. In addition to the crops covering the 120 ha of the estate, the forest was replaced by a number of orchards: lychees, mangoes, June plums, breadfruit, avocados, Indian almond, palms, coffee, mangosteen etc., all fruit trees marking out the seasons and filling the estate with their sweet scents<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.4256666819317604\" aria-label=\"ADR, 4Q250, Adjudication of 12 July 1894\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Thirty person were employed to tend to the crops on the estate.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3112\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3112\" style=\"width: 459px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Une-des-allees-du-verger--e1600068567255.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"taille-initiale wp-image-3112 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Une-des-allees-du-verger--e1600068567255.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"459\" height=\"650\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3112\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the alleys through the orchard. 1903. Photograph.<br \/>Chassagne family private collection. Rights reserved<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Having died without leaving any direct descendants, despite her three marriages, Marie Eug\u00e9nie Deshayes left to her twelve heirs a number of estates to be sold, scattered all over the island. In 1894, le Grand Hazier was purchased by Ernest Vinson <span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.07015516939695854\" aria-label=\"Son of Jean Elie Vinson, Police Commissioner and Marie Gertrude Ad\u00e9la\u00efde Ducastaing and the nephew of doctor Fran\u00e7ois Auguste Vinson. He published a monograph that he presented to the recently created Royal Academy of Medicine, set up in the 1820, demonstrating the infectious nature of cholera. He was the author of a number of reference works on tropical medicine.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, d\u00e9j\u00e0 propri\u00e9taire du domaine de La Convenance<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.583588059606039\" aria-label=\"Situated in Sainte-Marie.\">&nbsp;<\/span> already owner of the estate of La Convenance and of a property along the <em>chemin des Magasins<\/em> in Sainte-Suzanne<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7248480279595748\" aria-label=\"Today La Marine.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. He preferred to live on his estate in Sainte-Marie, leaving Marie Joseph Vincent de Paul F\u00e9r\u00e9ol Eug\u00e8ne L\u00e9pervanche<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.6704099410549408\" aria-label=\"Descendant of Fran\u00e7oise Ch\u00e2telain through Marie Anne Grayell.\">&nbsp;<\/span> to manage le Grand Hazier. As he also had no direct heirs, his many heirs sold Grand Hazier and a number of other properties for financial gain. The company L\u00e9pervanche &amp; Cie purchased the estate and then sold it to Albert Chassagne in 1903.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Albert Chassagne, trained as an engineer, was the descendant of family arriving in Reunion from Bordeaux in 1825. He purchased le Grand Hazier after managing the sugar factory of Quartier-Fran\u00e7ais. In 1899, he was managing the establishment when it was destroyed by a devastating fire which, notably, led to the death of Tristan de Bernardy de Sigoyer, the warden of the distillery, as well as two of his daughters, who had tried to save him. Tristan de Bernardy de Sigoyer\u2019s third daughter<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.974344945559896\" aria-label=\"Descendant of Fran\u00e7oise Carr\u00e9 and Suzanne et Marie Esparon, children of Fran\u00e7oise Ch\u00e2telain, wife of Augustin Panon.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, Marie Jos\u00e8phe L\u00e9onie Beno\u00eete, married Albert Chassagne in 1900.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3116\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3116\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Albert-et-L\u00e9onie-et-leurs-enfants-.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3116 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Albert-et-L\u00e9onie-et-leurs-enfants-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"673\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Albert-et-L\u00e9onie-et-leurs-enfants-.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Albert-et-L\u00e9onie-et-leurs-enfants--300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Albert-et-L\u00e9onie-et-leurs-enfants--768x517.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3116\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Albert and L\u00e9onie and their children. Glass plate.<br \/>Chassagne family private collection. Rights reserved<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">As from 1911, Albert Chassagne decided to reconstruct the house which had been built by the Nas de Tourris Family and which was in poor condition. The innovative character of the reconstruction is a reminder that Albert Chassagne had trained as an engineer and had many exceptionally interesting ideas. Metal roof beams and septic tanks were soon brought into the island, as well as window-panes, cast iron pipes and various other materials, which could now be bought locally. From the start of the 20th century, in addition to sugarcane, he started growing ylang-ylang, vanilla and several other food crops such as cassava, maize and peas.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3122\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3122\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/La-nouvelle-maison-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3122 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/La-nouvelle-maison-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"671\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/La-nouvelle-maison-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/La-nouvelle-maison-1-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/La-nouvelle-maison-1-768x515.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3122\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Main fa\u00e7ade. Around 1930-1935. Glass plate.<br \/>Chassagne family private collection. Rights reserved<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3555\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3555\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Grand-Hazier-aujourdhui.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3555 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Grand-Hazier-aujourdhui.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Grand-Hazier-aujourdhui.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Grand-Hazier-aujourdhui-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Grand-Hazier-aujourdhui-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3555\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Main fa\u00e7ade today. Claude Rossignol. January 2019. Photograph.<br \/>Claude Rossignol. Rights reserved<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3118\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3118\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Albert-et-Leonie-posant-sous-le-grand-manguier-du-perron.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3118 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Albert-et-Leonie-posant-sous-le-grand-manguier-du-perron.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"709\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Albert-et-Leonie-posant-sous-le-grand-manguier-du-perron.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Albert-et-Leonie-posant-sous-le-grand-manguier-du-perron-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Albert-et-Leonie-posant-sous-le-grand-manguier-du-perron-768x545.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3118\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Albert and L\u00e9onie posing under the large mango-tree close to the porch. Photograph.<br \/>Chassagne family private collection. Rights reserved<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">A long alley lined with Madagascan palm trees on either side leads up to the main house. Under the ownership of Albert Chassagne, the orchards were improved, planted with extraordinary trees and species of exceptional diversity<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.4702193127877392\" aria-label=\"GOUSSEAU, Sylvie, Beauregard, une plantation de la c\u00f4te au vent, Fondation pour la recherche dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien, 1981.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Walking through the shady orchards is extremely pleasant: they are planted with screw pines, wilds pineapples, palm trees, cocoa bushes, banana plants, breadfruit etc. There is a very large diversity and the list is far from exhaustive. There is also a vegetable garden of 2,000 square metres with sweet potato, aubergines, cassava, maize and purple yams, as well as more common species such as lettuce, turnips, onions and carrots. Turmeric, Thai limes, chilli peppers and ginger have not been forgotten: all essential ingredients for the preparation of local curries<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.3149982788137272\" aria-label=\"Ibid\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3120\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3120\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Les-ecuries-et-le-chemin-conduisant-au-camp-des-ouvriers.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3120 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Les-ecuries-et-le-chemin-conduisant-au-camp-des-ouvriers.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"649\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Les-ecuries-et-le-chemin-conduisant-au-camp-des-ouvriers.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Les-ecuries-et-le-chemin-conduisant-au-camp-des-ouvriers-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Les-ecuries-et-le-chemin-conduisant-au-camp-des-ouvriers-768x498.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3120\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The stables and the track leading to the workers\u2019 camp. Around 1930. Photograph.<br \/>Chassagne family private collection. Rights reserved<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">After the death of Albert Chassagne, in 1947, his widow and children set up a Real Estate company, which is still in existence. One of Albert de Chassagne and L\u00e9onie Bernardy de Sigoyer\u2019s great-grandchildren has once more started growing sugarcane on the estate of le Grand Hazier. A company<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.3640470139607628\" aria-label=\"http:\/\/www.lavanilleraie.com\/\">&nbsp;<\/span> involved in vanilla production has also been set up on the spot of the former stables, and a large number of tourists come to visit the infrastructure and obtain information about the techniques of vanilla production.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3091,"parent":6965,"menu_order":10,"template":"","class_list":["post-4857","documentaire","type-documentaire","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire\/4857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/documentaire"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire\/6965"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3091"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}