{"id":13284,"date":"2024-06-04T13:36:09","date_gmt":"2024-06-04T09:36:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/?post_type=documentaire&#038;p=13284"},"modified":"2026-01-23T11:16:13","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T07:16:13","slug":"lo-kode-noir","status":"publish","type":"documentaire","link":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/documentaires\/lesklavaj\/kode-noir\/lo-kode-noir\/","title":{"rendered":"Lo Kode noir"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>L\u00e9sklav, \u00e7a in simbol for. Bann zantropolog i klasse al\u00fc dann m\u00e8m kat\u00e9gori demoun fou, demoun bani<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.17429569577576753\" aria-label=\"Po demoun bani, fou, \u00e9sklav : al\u00e9 rogarde Dossier collectif, Revue Droit et Cultures, 41, 2001\/1, p. 65-141.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. In bien maler\u00eb fav\u00ebr po \u00e7ak jordi la j\u00fcstisse i ap\u00e8le diskriminasyon baz\u00e9 dessi l\u00e9skl\u00fczyon sossial.<\/h2>\n<div style=\"width: 525px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-13284-1\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/poster_sermet.jpg\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/SERMET_CREOLE.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/SERMET_CREOLE.mp4\">https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/SERMET_CREOLE.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>Lan\u00e9 1723, dann komansman lo r\u00e8gn Louis XV, dann bann zil de Franse \u00e8k Bourbon, lo Kode noir l\u00e9t\u00e9 lo r\u00e9gloman j\u00fcridik, po in sist\u00e8m \u00e9konomik, sossial po \u00e9sploite do-sik, in produi agrikol, t\u00e9 i pr\u00e9tan nav\u00e9 in b\u00e8l-b\u00e8l randman. Po ban sh\u00e8rsh\u00ebr, sist\u00e8m kom\u00e8rsial ind\u00e9pandan-la, la-\u00e9n\u00e8te depi lan\u00e9 1455, pouss\u00e9 par bann Port\u00fcgu\u00e9 dann lil Sao Tom\u00e9 : \u00ab ou\u00e7a i s\u00e9l\u00e8be lo mariaj kane \u00e8k demoun noir, po tonbe konm lo m\u00e9y\u00ebr mod\u00e8l inn sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9sklavajis \u00bb<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.8762351332666913\" aria-label=\"Al\u00e9 rogarde Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch, Les Routes de l'esclavage : histoire des traites africaines VIe-XXe si\u00e8cle, Albin Michel, 2018, 288 p., (in livr plito p\u00e9dagojik)  ; i fo rajoute bann t\u00e8ks pl\u00fcs siantifik : Olivier Grenouilleau, Les traites n\u00e9gri\u00e8res : Essai d'histoire globale Folio, Poche, 2006, 736 p. ; Alain Testard, L'institution de l'esclavage : une approche mondiale, Paris, Gallimard, 2018.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Lo sist\u00e8m triang\u00fcl\u00e8r-la, plin l\u00e9sp\u00e9rans, an-pl\u00fczi\u00e8r foi la-shanje mani\u00e8r-f\u00e9, la-shanje landroi, depi Br\u00e9zil jiska Kara\u00efb, avan i m\u00e8te al\u00fc anplasse dann Loss\u00e9an Indien.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_296\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-296\" style=\"width: 583px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-1-le-code-noir-ou-e-dit-louis-xv-btv1b86086055-1-web-e1647405682955.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"taille-initiale wp-image-296 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-1-le-code-noir-ou-e-dit-louis-xv-btv1b86086055-1-web-e1647405682955.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"583\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-296\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lo Kode noir, Edit\u2026 i ans\u00e8rve r\u00e9gloman po gouv\u00e8rnman \u00e8k ladministasyon la j\u00fcstisse, la polisse la dissipline \u00e8k lo kom\u00e8rse bann z\u00e9sklav n\u00e8g dan la koloni Louiziane\u20261727. Louis XV (roi de France ; 1710-1774). <br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon Bibliot\u00e8k nasyonal la Franse<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Dann Loss\u00e9an Indien i p\u00eb dire, \u00e7a in <em>fait social total<\/em> \u2014 konm Emile Durkheim la-di \u2014 akoz i kons\u00e8rne m\u00e8m-tan l\u00e9konomi, lo sossial, lo sivil, lo politik, lo relijion, lo juridik. An Franse, malgr\u00e9 l\u00e9t\u00e9 pl\u00fcto f\u00e8b promi\u00e9 d\u00e9b\u00fc, lanaliz bann t\u00e8ks j\u00fcridik i kon\u00e9 in d\u00e9vlopman romarkab par bann l\u00e9sp\u00e9ssialis kom\u00e9la, konm listorien lo droi Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Niort sinon\u00e7a lo filozof Louis Sala-Molins.<\/p>\n<p>Lanaliz j\u00fcridik-la c\u00e9 in moyen po konprande l\u00e9sklavaj, po r\u00e9zon linportans lo droi dann bann rapor sossial. In bonp\u00e9 <em>l\u2019\u00c9tats modernes<\/em>, la-f\u00e9 rante l\u00e9sklavaj dan la loi<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.5114626056184073\" aria-label=\"Al\u00e9 rogarde Lauren Robel \u00e8k Elisabeth Zoller, Les \u00e9tats des Noirs, Paris, PUF, coll. B\u00e9h\u00e9moth, 2000, 115 paj. Livr\u2019-la i \u00e9splike lo droi l\u00e9sklavaj Z\u00e9ta-Z\u00fcni, \u00e8k lo maliz\u00e9 son sol\u00fcsyon par lo f\u00e9d\u00e9ralism instit\u00fcsyon\u00e8l.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, po m\u00e8te anplasse in nouvo mod\u00e8l \u00e9konomik baz\u00e9 dessi in fondman par\u00e8y partou : lo kapayman fors\u00e9 demoun po f\u00e9 trava\u00efye azot konm z\u00e9sklav. Lo kode sivil la Louiziane \u00e9kri lan\u00e9 1808, r\u00e9viz\u00e9 lan\u00e9 1825, i \u00e9splike \u00e7a bien. Dann son lartik 155, n\u00e9na deu kalit\u00e9 s\u00e8rvit\u00ebr : lo lib, lo z\u00e9sklav<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.5111790748257208\" aria-label=\"Lo tite 6 lo Kode sivil i ap\u00e8le Du Ma\u00eetre et du serviteur, anndan-la n\u00e9na lartik 155 i di : \u00ab There are in this State two classes of servants, the free servants and the slaves \u00bb.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. M\u00e9 soman l\u00e9sklavaj l\u00e9 pa j\u00fcst kan in moun l\u00e9 oblij\u00e9 done son forse trava\u00efy in ot moun, c\u00e9 s\u00fcrtou kan la loi i p\u00e9rm\u00e8te pran in moun po inn shoz.<\/p>\n<p>A bien rogard\u00e9 lo Kode noir c\u00e9 rienk lo t\u00e8ks 1723, t\u00e9 i ap\u00e8le <em>Lettres Patentes<\/em>. M\u00e9 soman po Loss\u00e9an Indien i fo pa oubliy\u00e9 lo prinsipal shanjman juridik la-p\u00e9rm\u00e8te f\u00e9 \u00ab in moun inn shoz \u00bb dann zan\u00e9 1723-1848. N\u00e9na in dif\u00e9rans rantr\u2019 Kode noir \u00e8k Nouvo Kode noir (KN et NKN)<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.14492084326433852\" aria-label=\"Lo bann Lettres patentes 1723 l\u00e9 rienk inn kopi kaziman par\u00e8y lo Kode noir aplik\u00e9 dann Zantiy, po bann zil de Franse \u00e8k Bourbon. Louis XV la-d\u00e9sside f\u00e9 laranjman-la : \u00ab po kons\u00e8rve son bann koloni, po f\u00e9 in loi \u00e8k son bann r\u00e8g, po kons\u00e8rve la dissiplin \u00e8k l\u00e9gliz katolik, apostolik, rom\u00e8ne, \u00e9pila po garanti l\u00e9ta \u00e8k la kalit\u00e9 bann z\u00e9sklav \u00bb. Dann Monarchie de juillet, dirij\u00e9 par in Roi \u00ab \u00fcmanis \u00bb (Louis-Philippe), toute lo bann t\u00e8ks adopt\u00e9 t\u00e9 i konpoze lo nouvo Kode noir. L\u00fc l\u00e9 konpoz\u00e9 \u00e8k inn kantit\u00e9 t\u00e8ks i f\u00e9 p\u00e8rde al\u00fc son nom Kode. Po bann t\u00e8ks-la al\u00e9 rogarde Nouveau Code Noir ou R\u00e9pertoire des lois, ordonnances, d\u00e9crets et arr\u00eat\u00e9s concernant le r\u00e9gime des esclaves, Saint-Denis, Ile Bourbon, Typographie de Lahuppe, 1846, 50 p.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. An-promi\u00e9 i fo disk\u00fcte si bann t\u00e8ks-la n\u00e9na in vr\u00e9 val\u00ebr j\u00fcridik po oblije aplike azot, avan rogarde ko\u00e7a zot i di po vr\u00e9man. Dann listoir l\u00e9jislasyon kolonial po l\u00e9sklavaj n\u00e9na 4 gran l\u00e9pok :<br \/>\n&#8211; lo t\u00e8ks 1723 i organize la dominasyon juridik lo maitr\u2019 dessi l\u00e9sklav ;<br \/>\n&#8211; lo kode sivil kolonial 1805 i f\u00e9 rante deu kalit\u00e9 lib\u00e8rt\u00e9 m\u00e9soman i kons\u00e8rve l\u00e9sklavaj ;<br \/>\n&#8211; la l\u00e9jislasyon royal 1840 i ranforse la prot\u00e9ksyon po l\u00e9sklav dann son bann rapor \u00e8k lo maitr\u2019 ;<br \/>\n&#8211; la l\u00e9jislasyon apr\u00e9 labolisyon l\u00e9sklavaj par lo d\u00e9kr\u00e9 lo 27 avriy 1848, i d\u00e9domaje lo propri\u00e9t\u00e8r la-p\u00e8rde son bann z\u00e9sklav.<br \/>\nLo Kode noir p\u00e9nal i rajoute son bann punisyon po konpl\u00e8te lo Kode noir, \u00e7a i amontre koman lo sist\u00e8m juridik l\u00e9sklavaj l\u00e9 konplik\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Lo droi-l\u00e9sklavaj i f\u00e9 otorit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Kan i lire lo Kode noir \u00e8k lo nouvo Kode noir i p\u00e9rm\u00e8te anou konprande po vr\u00e9man lo kalit\u00e9 juridik bann t\u00e8ks-la, son kapassit\u00e9 organize konmkifo bann rapor rantr\u2019 maitr\u2019 \u00e8k z\u00e9sklav, ki\u00e7a n\u00e9na k\u00e8l droi, ki\u00e7a n\u00e9na k\u00e8l lobligasyon, son volont\u00e9 p\u00fcni \u00e7ak i r\u00e9sp\u00e8ke pa lo droi konm lobligasyon-la. I voi bien koman lo l\u00e9jislat\u00ebr i v\u00eb organize inn sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 baz\u00e9 dessi in sist\u00e8m rassist po garanti la dominasyon lo Blan dessi lo Noir par lo bann t\u00e8ks la loi. Lo bann t\u00e8ks la <em>Monarchie de juillet<\/em> (1840-1848), kanm\u00e8m i adoussi lo kondisyon j\u00fcridik l\u00e9sklav, linstit\u00fcsyon j\u00fcridik-la i kontin\u00fc\u00e9 konm l\u00e9t\u00e9. Rantr\u2019 1723-1740, bann t\u00e8ks-la l\u00e9 plizanpl\u00fcs t\u00e9knik, d\u00e9tay\u00e9 po anp\u00e8she lo maitr\u2019 f\u00e9 \u00e7ak l\u00fc v\u00eb \u00e8k son z\u00e9sklav, \u00e7a i shanje poudbon lo sist\u00e8m j\u00fcridik l\u00e9sklavaj. L\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ja konm\u00e7a dan lo t\u00e8ks 1723. Jordi i pour\u00e9 konsid\u00e8re bann t\u00e8ks-la konm in droi pozitif, s\u00e9tadir in droi aplik\u00e9 dessi in s\u00ebl t\u00e9ritoir, konm in af\u00e8r L\u00e9ta la-d\u00e9sside par l\u00fc-m\u00e8m. M\u00e9soman si i p\u00eb pa m\u00e8te an-doute lo kot\u00e9 vr\u00e9man j\u00fcridik lo droi l\u00e9sklavaj. I voi bien ossi koman l\u00fc l\u00e9, in vr\u00e9 mani\u00e8r-f\u00e9 <em>l\u2019anti-droit<\/em>, s\u00e9tadir in droi vissi\u00eb po kraze la lib\u00e8rt\u00e9.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_677\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-677\" style=\"width: 532px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.2_nouveau_code_noir-web-e1647405715617.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"taille-initiale wp-image-677 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.2_nouveau_code_noir-web-e1647405715617.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"532\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-677\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nouvo kode noir r\u00e9p\u00e8rtoir la loi, lordonans, d\u00e9kr\u00e9, lar\u00e9t\u00e9, i kos\u00e8rne bann z\u00e9sklav. De Lahuppe. 1846. <br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon Zarshiv D\u00e9partman La R\u00e9nyon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>I p\u00eb kalifi\u00e9 konm <em>anti-droit<\/em> lo bann loi antijuif L\u00e9ta nazi, konm \u00e7at lapart\u00e9d<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7056708426164437\" aria-label=\"Droit et d\u00e9mocratie en Afrique-du-sud, Actes du colloque de Saint-Denis de La R\u00e9union, d\u00e9cembre 1999, dir\u00e9ksyon : L.Sermet, Paris, L\u2019Harmattan, 2001.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. L\u00e9 s\u00fcr i p\u00eb pa konpare po vr\u00e9man bann juif ansanm bann z\u00e9sklav. Dapr\u00e9 Hannah Arendt, tire bann droi po bann Juif (droi politik, droi la propri\u00e9t\u00e9) l\u00e9t\u00e9 lo komansman zot l\u00e9skl\u00fczion, anpromi\u00e9 j\u00fcridik, jiska arive zot l\u00e9st\u00e8rminasyon final, konm i di<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"999999\" aria-label=\"&#8221;Hannah\">&nbsp;<\/span> l\u00e9 pa k\u2019 zot vi, zot lib\u00e8rt\u00e9, zot lib\u00e8rt\u00e9 lopinion, l\u00e9 kraz\u00e9 \u2014 in mani\u00e8r-di, soidizan po r\u00e8gle bann probl\u00e8m dann d\u00e9-s\u00e8rtin kom\u00fcnot\u00e9 \u2014 c\u00e9 plito akoz zot l\u00e9 p\u00fc dann okin kom\u00fcnot\u00e9.<br \/>\nLo traka po zot c\u00e9 pa zot l\u00e9 pa \u00e9gal dovan la loi, c\u00e9 k\u2019po zot na pwin d\u2019loi ditou, c\u00e9 pa k\u2019zot l\u00e9 oprim\u00e9 c\u00e9 k\u2019 na m\u00e8m pwin p\u00e8rsone jiska i majine oprime azot. C\u00e9 rienk an-derni\u00e9-derni\u00e9 zot droi d\u2019vive l\u00e9 menass\u00e9 ; c\u00e9 rienk si zot i r\u00e8ste vr\u00e9man an-tro, si i trouve pa p\u00e8rsone po r\u00e9klame azot, l\u00e0, zot vi l\u00e9 menass\u00e9. Par\u00e8y po bann nazi, l\u00e9st\u00e8rminasyon bann Juif, lav\u00e9 komanse par prive azot lo statu j\u00fcridik (lo statu sitoyen deuzi\u00e8m klasse) la-m\u00e8te azot a-par toute demoun, la-anf\u00e8rme azot dann gu\u00e9to, kan-konsantrasyon ; avan f\u00e9 marshe bann shanb-a-gaz, bann nazi lav\u00e9 bien kalk\u00fcle k\u00e9stion-la, zot t\u00e9 bien kontan d\u00e9kouve okin p\u00e9i t\u00e9 i sar r\u00e9klame banna. \u00c7ak i fo bien kon\u00e8te c\u00e9 k\u2019 lav\u00e9 d\u00e9ja prive azot toute bann droi avan prive azot lo droi vive \u00bb.&#8221; uniq=&#8221;0.18007048948130855&#8243;]. Lo bann resh\u00e8rsh Dani\u00e8le Lochak dessi lo droi <em>Vichy<\/em> la-prolonje la k\u00e9stion <em>l\u2019anti-droit<\/em><span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.3814096428023104\" aria-label=\"Voir par ex. \u00ab \u00c9crire, se taire... R\u00e9flexion sur la doctrine fran\u00e7aise \u00bb, in Le Genre Humain. Le droit antis\u00e9mite de Vichy, Paris, Le Seuil, 1996, n\u00b0 30-31, p. 433-462. \">&nbsp;<\/span>. \u00c8l la-amontre lindif\u00e9rans koupab, po pa dire pl\u00fcs, bann jurist frans\u00e9 par rapor lo bann loi la-f\u00e9 dann zan\u00e9 1940-1944. Parlf\u00e8te lo droi \u00e8k son l\u00e9splikasyon n\u00e9na in sens. Lo mani\u00e8r-pens\u00e9 pozitivist soidizan ni konpliss ni indif\u00e9ran po l\u2019anti-droit, \u00e7a l\u00e9 pa konvinkan<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.9181576542056291\" aria-label=\"Michel Troper, \u00ab Le positivisme et les droits de l\u2019homme \u00bb, Fronti\u00e8res du droit, critique des droits. Billets d\u2019humeur en l\u2019honneur de Dani\u00e8le Lochak, Paris, LGDJ, 2007, p. 359-362, sp. p. 360 : \u00ab Listoir i j\u00fcstifi\u00e9 pa kritike bann pozitiviste l\u00ebrk zot t\u00e9 i di i fo ob\u00e9i lo droi san kondisyon sof koman... Tanka lindif\u00e9rans, si lo pozitiviste i rokomande pa lob\u00e9issans bien s\u00fcr, l\u00fc pr\u00e8she pa la r\u00e9zistans nonpl\u00fc. M\u00e9-soman, si l\u00fc porte pa in jujman moral oubien in rokomandasyon, l\u00fc rande l\u00e9-deu possib \u00bb.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. N\u00e9na in lid\u00e9 i pr\u00e9tan \u00ab n\u00e9na rienk lo droi, par son kapassit\u00e9 d\u00e9koupe la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 dapr\u00e9 in lojik invant\u00e9, l\u00e9 kapab f\u00e9 \u00e9n\u00e8te in b\u00e9b\u00e8te konm\u00e7a \u00bb<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7192268607749077\" aria-label=\"Jean-Marie Denquin, \u00ab Le droit antis\u00e9mite est-il un droit ? \u00bb, Fronti\u00e8res du droit, critique des droits. Billets d\u2019humeur en l\u2019honneur de Dani\u00e8le Lochak, Paris, LGDJ, 2007, p. 55-59, sp. p. 59.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, soman i r\u00e8ste inn doutans. L\u00e9 pa lo droi par-l\u00fc-m\u00e8m l\u00e9 monstri\u00e9, c\u00e9 la forse politik i soutien al\u00fc. Lo droi l\u00e9 jist la po m\u00e8te la loi dessi papi\u00e9, po done al\u00fc inn l\u00e9jitimit\u00e9. Jordi n\u00e9na ankor ral\u00e9-pouss\u00e9 dessi lanaliz j\u00fcridik lo Kode noir, rantr\u2019 \u00e7at i kondane al\u00fc kar\u00e9man \u00e8k \u00e7at i v\u00eb analize \u00e7a pl\u00efto konm j\u00fcrist<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7206531667319591\" aria-label=\"Sar gayar lire lo sobatkoz rantr\u2019 lo filozof Louis Sala-Molins \u00e8k listorien Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Niort . Dapr\u00e9 Niort, \u00ab Le \u00ab Code Noir \u00bb est bien une monstruosit\u00e9 \u00bb, Le Monde, 17 jili\u00e9 2015. Sala-Molins i r\u00e9ponde \u00ab Le Code Noir, une monstruosit\u00e9 qui m\u00e9rite de l\u2019histoire et non de l\u2019id\u00e9ologie \u00bb, Le Monde, 15 s\u00e9ktanm 2015.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Lo mank in d\u00e9finisyon j\u00fcridik po l\u00e9sklav<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_679\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-679\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.3_lettres_patentes-web.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-679 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.3_lettres_patentes-web.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"985\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.3_lettres_patentes-web.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.3_lettres_patentes-web-244x300.jpg 244w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.3_lettres_patentes-web-768x946.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-679\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lettres patentes. 1723. <br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon Zarshiv D\u00e9partman La R\u00e9nyon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Lo <em>Lettres Patentes<\/em> (LP) i done pa inn d\u00e9finisyon juridik po l\u00e9sklav po di vr\u00e9man ko\u00e7a i l\u00e9 son kondisyon<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7097186696844826\" aria-label=\"Dessi lo d\u00e9finisyon j\u00fcridik l\u00e9sklavaj : Alain Testart, L\u2019Esclave, la dette et le pouvoir, Paris, Errance, 2001, 238 p. Dapr\u00e9 l\u00fc, \u00ab i romarke pa linstit\u00fcsyon-la par lo droi d\u2019vante, sinon\u00e7a koman i ans\u00e8rve l\u00e9sklav, m\u00e9soman akoz n\u00e9na toujour o-moin in droi fondamantal l\u00e9sklav-la na pwin dann sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 ou\u00e7a l\u00fc vive \u2014 kissoi sitoy\u00e8nt\u00e9, kissoi parant\u00e9, kissoi la relijion\u2014 \u00e9pila akoz i gaingne \u00e9sploite l\u00e9sklav. \u00bb Po lot\u00ebr, i fo pa konfonde kondisyon \u00e8k statu, akoz \u00ab l\u00e9 pa jam\u00e9 son sit\u00fcasyon i d\u00e9fini in l\u00e9sklav, c\u00e9 lo droi \u00bb : al\u00e9 lire Gilles Holder, Comptes rendus, in L\u2019Homme. Revue fran\u00e7aise d\u2019anthropologie, 2003.347. Al\u00e9 lire ossi Charles de Lespinay, \u00ab Compte rendu \u00bb, Revue Droit et Cultures, 43, 2002\/1, p. 231.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Parlf\u00e8te n\u00e9na in f\u00e9bl\u00e8sse dan lo r\u00e9zonman \u00e7ak la-f\u00e9 la loi l\u00e9pok-la, parsk i r\u00e9sp\u00e8kte pa la lojik j\u00fcridik : koman i f\u00e9 in loi si ou i kon\u00e9 pa po ki\u00e7a l\u00e9 f\u00e9\u2026 Kanm\u00e8m \u00e7a souvand\u00e9foi lo kondisyon l\u00e9sklav l\u00e9 rekon\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Kissoi <em>Lettres Patentes<\/em> kissoi la loi <em>Monarchie de juillet<\/em> na pwin inn i di ko\u00e7a i fo baze dessi po di parkoman i rokon\u00e9 in l\u00e9sklav. Antoul\u00e9ka na pwin rien po d\u00e9fini l\u00e9sklav parapor laparans son rasse, o-kontr\u00e8r \u00e7ak bann S\u00fcdafrikin la-f\u00e9 po lapart\u00e8d dan la loi <em>Population Registration Act<\/em>, lan\u00e9 1950 (in loi po f\u00e9 in klasman la populasyon)<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7717958429580696\" aria-label=\"Population Registration Act, 1950, Government Gazette (Journal officiel de la R\u00e9publique sud-africaine), page 275. \">&nbsp;<\/span>. Dapr\u00e9 lo Kode noir, in moun noir l\u00e9 pa otomatikman in l\u00e9sklav : li p\u00eb \u00e8te afranshi sinon\u00e7a \u00e8te n\u00e9 lib. Lo t\u00e8ks l\u00e9 rienk inn d\u00e9klarasyon dessi la kondisyon l\u00e9sklav konmsi, l\u00e9pok-la, kon\u00e8te ki\u00e7a l\u00e9 z\u00e9sklav sinon\u00e7a ki\u00e7a l\u00e9 pa, t\u00e9 pa in lobligasyon j\u00fcridik. Konm lo Kode i rode garanti la dominasyon bann blan, lo z\u00e9sklav i tonbe noir <em>a priori<\/em> , soman fo pa oubliye l\u00fc p\u00eb \u00e8te m\u00e9tiss\u00e9 par lo m\u00e9lanj demoun kanm\u00e8m \u00e7a l\u00e9 int\u00e8rdi<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.12109535147524753\" aria-label=\"Al\u00e9 lire Laurent Benoiton, \u00ab La prohibition des unions mixtes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00eele Bourbon. Scolie sur une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 divis\u00e9e par le droit \u00bb, Revue de la recherche juridique. Droit prospectif, 2007\/2, p. 955-961. Lot\u00ebr i amontre lo maliz\u00e9 la loi \u2014 m\u00e8m si l\u00e9 \u00e9kri\u2014 po anp\u00e8she lo bann relasyon p\u00e8rson\u00e9l rantr\u2019 Blan \u00e8k Noir.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Konm lo t\u00e8ks i pr\u00e9voi pa k\u2019in moun konsid\u00e9r\u00e9 konm z\u00e9sklav i p\u00eb \u00e8te afranshi si son laparans l\u00e9 blan, n\u2019i p\u00eb pa rej\u00e8te lid\u00e9 in z\u00e9sklav blan, sinon\u00e7a inp\u00eb m\u00e9tiss\u00e9. Parlf\u00e8te bann z\u00e9sklav l\u00e9t\u00e9 rossans\u00e9. La kat\u00e9gori \u00ab kaste \u00bb t\u00e9 i d\u00e9kri zot laparans. D\u00e9-s\u00e8rtin t\u00e9 konsid\u00e9r\u00e9 konm kaf, malgash, kr\u00e9ol, rouj. D\u00e9-s\u00e8rtin l\u00e9t\u00e9 klass\u00e9 konm \u00ab noir kl\u00e8r \u00bb\u2026 Parlf\u00e8te lo Kode noir i garanti la kondisyon j\u00fcridik l\u00e9sklav san di ko\u00e7a l\u00fc l\u00e9 po vr\u00e9man. Dann d\u00e9-s\u00e8rtin ka, plito rar,<em> les Lettres Patentes<\/em> i d\u00e9fini la kalit\u00e9 in z\u00e9sklav. Lartik V i done deu liste pr\u00e9ssizion. Bann zanfan l\u00e9 n\u00e9 par in lunion int\u00e8rdi sar toujour in z\u00e9sklav i p\u00eb pa \u00e8te afranshi. Soman lo bononm noir, si li l\u00e9 affranshi sinon\u00e7a lib, si l\u00fc mari\u00e9 ansanm in fanm z\u00e9sklav, l\u00ebrk l\u00fc afranshi a\u00e8l, son bann zanfan, d\u00e9ja la \u00e9pila \u00e7ak va arive apr\u00e9, sar lib. Lartik 8 i di bien bann paran z\u00e9sklav i done n\u00e9ssans zanfan z\u00e9sklav. Lartik XI i di c\u00e9 lo bann momon i transm\u00e8te lo kondisyon j\u00fcridik. In momon z\u00e9sklav i f\u00e9 zanfan z\u00e9sklav, in momon lib i f\u00e9 zanfan lib<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.8763542449103059\" aria-label=\"L\u00e9 par\u00e8y po lartik 183 lo Kode sivil La Louiziane 1825 : \u00ab Bann zanfan i \u00e9n\u00e8te in fanm \u00e9sklav, kissoi mari\u00e9 ou non, i suive lo m\u00e8m sor zot monmon ; parlf\u00e8te zot l\u00e9 \u00e9sklav konm \u00e8l, zot i apartien lo propri\u00e9t\u00e8r zot momon \u00bb. Lartik 196 i konpl\u00e8te : \u00ab Si in monmon la-gaingne son lib\u00e8rt\u00e9 po toultan i f\u00e9 in zanfan, zanfan-la n\u00e9na lo m\u00e8m sor son monmon, li vien lib la date anons\u00e9 po lafranshisman son monmon, kanm\u00e8m \u00e9l i mor avan \u00bb.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>In l\u00e9ks\u00e9psyon po lo Kode noir Louiziane lan\u00e9 1825, l\u00fc d\u00e9fini l\u00e9sklav par son kondisyon : \u00ab l\u00e9sklav l\u00e9 sou la dominasyon in maitr\u2019, c\u00e9 son bien ; konm\u00e7a lo maitr\u2019 i p\u00eb vande al\u00fc, f\u00e9 \u00e7ak i v\u00eb \u00e8k l\u00fc, \u00e8k son kapassit\u00e9, \u00e8k son trava\u00efy ; l\u00fc p\u00eb pa f\u00e9 rien, l\u00fc na pwin rien, l\u00fc p\u00eb pa ash\u00e8te rien, toute l\u00e9 po son maitr\u2019 \u00bb (lartik 35). La pr\u00ebve l\u00e9sklavaj l\u00e9 ankor in k\u00e9stion jordi, la <em>Convention internationale relative \u00e0 l\u2019esclavage<\/em>, sign\u00e9 lo 25 s\u00e9ktanm 1926 Gen\u00e8ve, i d\u00e9fini l\u00e9sklavaj konm : \u00ab la sit\u00fcasyon sinon\u00e7a la kondisyon in moun i tonbe soi totalman soi inp\u00eb dessou lo droi propri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00bb (lartik 1, alin\u00e9a 1). Lo 26 july\u00e9 2005 po laf\u00e8r Siliadin kontr\u2019 la Franse, <em>La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l\u2019homme<\/em>, tankal\u00fc, la-fini par pr\u00e9ssize ko\u00e7a i l\u00e9 po vr\u00e9man trava\u00efy fors\u00e9, sinon\u00e7a obligatoir, s\u00e8rvitud \u00e8k l\u00e9sklavaj<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.6763492014681389\" aria-label=\"Lo trava\u00efy fors\u00e9 obligatoir i v\u00e9 dire \u00ab tout trava\u00efy sinon\u00e7a s\u00e8rvis in moun l\u00e9 oblij\u00e9 f\u00e9 \u00e8k la menasse ninport\u00e9k\u00e8l p\u00fcnisyon, trava\u00efy sinon\u00e7a s\u00e8rvis l\u00fc la pa d\u00e9sside f\u00e9 par l\u00fc m\u00e8m \u00bb (arr\u00eat Siliadin contre France, \u00a7 116). La s\u00e8rvitud l\u00e9 konm in grav d\u00e9manti la lib\u00e8rt\u00e9, sinon\u00e7a konm in lobligasyon f\u00e9 in trava\u00efy par la forse. \u00c7a m\u00e8m i ap\u00e8le l\u00e9sklavaj. (arr\u00eat Siliadin contre France ; \u00a7 123-124). La Cour i ropran d\u00e9finisyon la Convention 1926 po kalifi\u00e9 l\u00e9sklavaj (arr\u00eat Siliadin contre France ; \u00a7 122).\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Parkoman l\u00e9sklav na pwin okin droi<\/h3>\n<p>Parlf\u00e8te, l\u00e9sklavaj c\u00e9 kan i d\u00e9fande in moun shoizi par l\u00fc m\u00e8m son mani\u00e8r-f\u00e9, jiska son mani\u00e8r-pens\u00e9, n\u00e9na rienk son maitr\u2019 i p\u00eb d\u00e9sside toute po l\u00fc, jiska f\u00e9 sanm l\u00fc in moin-k\u2019rien. \u00c7ak l\u00e9 ankor pl\u00fcs mov\u00e9 dann l\u00e9sklavaj c\u00e9 kan l\u00fc l\u00e9 baz\u00e9 dessi la rasse. D\u00e9j\u00e0 lo sist\u00e8m j\u00fcridik i pran po son konte r\u00e9alit\u00e9-la, l\u00e8rk l\u00fc organize po bann maitr\u2019 lo bann moyen po domin\u00e9 ; l\u00fc sava ankor pl\u00fcs loin, parsk l\u00fc \u00fctilize la loi po prive demoun son bann droi fondamantal.<\/p>\n<p>Otromandi, l\u00e9sklav c\u00e9 in moun san droi po l\u00fc m\u00e8m, san in l\u00e9gzistans j\u00fcridik<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.5436694353415261\" aria-label=\"Lo r\u00e9jim j\u00fcridik l\u00e9sklav dan La Louiziane ( Kode Sivil 1825) i di par\u00e8y : lartik 173 : l\u00e9sklav i d\u00e9pande lo bon vouloir son maitr\u2019 ; lartik 174 : l\u00e9sklav i p\u00eb pa f\u00e9 okin kontra ; lartik 175 : toute \u00e7ak l\u00e9sklav n\u00e9na i apartien son maitr\u2019 ; lartik 176 : l\u00fc gaingne pa transm\u00e8te rien par l\u00e9ritaj sinon\u00e7a par in ot mani\u00e8r ; lartik 177 : l\u00e9sklav na pwin lo droi ok\u00fcpe in fonksyon p\u00fcblik sinon\u00e7a priv\u00e9...\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Inn gran viktoir bann filozof lo si\u00e8k <em>des Lumi\u00e8res<\/em>, l\u00e9t\u00e9 done bann droi toute demoun, bann droi \u00e9gal po shakinn. Po Kant, na pwin libert\u00e9 dan lo sens in moun i d\u00e9sside par l\u00fc m\u00e8m, si na pwin l\u00e9galit\u00e9 lo droi<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.4305776693847079\" aria-label=\"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Worms, Droits de l\u2019homme et philosophie. Une anthologie, Presses Pocket, 1993, p. 212-213. \">&nbsp;<\/span>. Soman rantr\u2019 lo bann proklamasyon 1789 \u00e8k 1848, nav\u00e9 bonp\u00eb r\u00e9zistans po anp\u00e8she laplikasyon nouvot\u00e9 politik-la dan bann koloni la Franse. Dann t\u00e8ks 1723, par d\u00e9finisyon \u00e9pila par \u00e7ak l\u00fc l\u00e9, po lo droi, l\u00e9sklav c\u00e9 in lobj\u00e9. Parlf\u00e8te n\u00e9na pwin l\u00e9ta-sivil po bann z\u00e9sklav : la n\u00e9ssans l\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9 ansanm l\u00e9gzistans j\u00fcridik. Lan\u00e9 1848 apartir Sarda Garriga la-m\u00e8te la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ansanm la loi, l\u00fc la-rande l\u00e9ta-sivil \u00fcniv\u00e8rs\u00e9l<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.45602066147337905\" aria-label=\"Lo 8 novanm 1848 lo Komiss\u00e8r j\u00e9n\u00e9ral la R\u00e9p\u00fcblik Sarda Garriga i signe in lar\u00e9t\u00e9 po marke bann demoun l\u00e9 pa lib dessi in r\u00e9jistr \u00e9sp\u00e9ssial po done shakinn son lidantit\u00e9, Bulletin officiel de l\u2019\u00eele de la R\u00e9union, 1848.554. Lar\u00e9t\u00e9-la l\u00e9 baz\u00e9 dessi deu r\u00e9zon i vo la p\u00e8ne kon\u00e8te : \u00ab Konsid\u00e9ran l\u00e9 inportan po lo mintien lordr \u00e9pila po garanti lo droi po bann propri\u00e9t\u00e8r gaingne in lind\u00e9mnit\u00e9, organize linskripsyon demoun \u00e9sklav dessi in registr\u2019 \u00e9sp\u00e9ssial po \u00e9tabli zot lidantit\u00e9 ; konsid\u00e9ran l\u00e9 ossi inportan shak moun inskri dessi lo registr\u2019 i gaingne in nom d\u2019famiy po di ki\u00e7a l\u00fc l\u00e9. Ansanm lar\u00e9t\u00e9-la, n\u00e9na in ot lo 23 avriy i kons\u00e8rne la d\u00e9klarasyon n\u00e9ssans zanfan bann zansien z\u00e9sklav, parsk lav\u00e9 oubliye mark\u00e9 avan dann promi\u00e9 registr\u2019 matrik\u00fcl : Bulletin officiel de l\u2019\u00eele de la R\u00e9union, 1849.277. Lo vr\u00e9 progr\u00e9 lo t\u00e8ks lan\u00e9 1848 c\u00e9k i f\u00e9 kole la date lo vr\u00e9 n\u00e9ssans \u00e8k la date n\u00e9ssans d\u00e9klar\u00e9, i f\u00e9 kole lo moun \u00e8k son p\u00e8rsonalit\u00e9 j\u00fcridik. Avan\u00e7a l\u00e9-deu l\u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9. I fo f\u00e9 la dif\u00e9rans ranr\u2019 l\u00e9ta sivil, i f\u00e9 la p\u00e8rsonalit\u00e9 j\u00fcridik in moun, \u00e8k lakt rossansman la populasyon z\u00e9sklav dann koloni ke la pwin l\u00e9f\u00e9 j\u00fcridik po l\u00e9sklav : in lordonans lo Roi i kons\u00e8rne bann rossansman dann koloni lo 4 oute 1833, Bulletin officiel de l\u2019\u00eele Bourbon, 1833.239. Lartik 1 i \u00e9splike \u00e7a : \u00ab Apartir lo 1er janvi\u00e9 1834, bann r\u00e9zulta rossansman \u2014 toul\u00e9zan i doi fourni la kom\u00fcne dann bann koloni, rekon\u00fc par bann propri\u00e9t\u00e8r z\u00e9sklav sinon\u00e7a par zot j\u00e9r\u00ebr \u2014 va done lo nom, lo pr\u00e9nom, laj, lo s\u00e8ks, la kaste demoun ; lo bann sign partik\u00fcli\u00e9 po rokon\u00e8te azot, lo trava\u00efy zot i f\u00e9. Rossansman-la i pr\u00e9ssize po shakinn la date, \u00e9pila po ko\u00e7a la kantit\u00e9 z\u00e9sklav la-ogmant\u00e9 sinon\u00e7a la-dimin\u00fc\u00e9. Si n\u00e9na lakizisyon sinon\u00e7a la p\u00e8rte par lasha, la vante, l\u00e9ritaj ou bien la donasyon, i fodra marke la date, lo nom bann demoun la-ash\u00e8te, sinon\u00e7a la-vande, la-done, la-l\u00e8gue \u00bb. In deuzi\u00e8m lordonans i konpl\u00e8te lo promi\u00e9 t\u00e8ks : lordonans lo Roi i kons\u00e8rne lo rossansman lo 11 juin 1839 , Bulletin officiel de l\u2019\u00eele Bourbon, 1839.262.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Lan\u00e9 1948, in si\u00e8k apr\u00e9, la D\u00e9klarasyon \u00fcniv\u00e8rs\u00e9l bann droi demoun la-f\u00e9 ansanm \u00e7a in vr\u00e9 droi po toute demoun : \u00ab Shakinn na lo droi la rekon\u00e9ssans son p\u00e8rsonalit\u00e9 j\u00fcridik partou \u00bb (lartik 6).<br \/>\nDan la pratik bann droi po l\u00e9zsklav l\u00e9 baz\u00e9 dessi la r\u00e9sponsabilit\u00e9 lo propri\u00e9t\u00e8r. Dan son lass\u00e8rvisman, l\u00e9sklav n\u00e9na inn plasse dan la loi. Lartik 48 lo Kode l\u00e9 bien kl\u00e8r : si lo propri\u00e9t\u00e8r l\u00e9 pa la, l\u00e9sklav l\u00e9 konm inn shoz gard\u00e9 par in propri\u00e9t\u00e8r ranplassan, sharj\u00e9 d\u2019j\u00e9re al\u00fc konm \u00ab in bon p\u00e8r-d\u2019famiy \u00bb r\u00e9sponsab rienk po bann d\u00e9zagr\u00e9man i arive par in mov\u00e9 j\u00e9syon.<\/p>\n<p>Po ogmante shozifikasyon-la, lartik 39 i di l\u00e9sklav c\u00e9 in <em>bien meuble<\/em>, \u00e7ak i v\u00eb dire inn shoz dan lo droi : \u00ab <em>Les esclaves sont r\u00e9put\u00e9s meubles<\/em> \u00bb. Lo mo r\u00e9put\u00e9 i v\u00eb dire l\u00e9 pri konm, lo bann lot\u00ebr lo kode i kon\u00e9 tr\u00e9 bien i fo zot i invante la loi konm in mani\u00e8r po bati lo droi ; tou lo r\u00e8ste (lo kondisyon j\u00fcridik) i apuie la-dessi. Linvansyon j\u00fcridik-la c\u00e9 in mani\u00e8r-f\u00e9 partou, i v\u00eb dire napwinn pr\u00ebv po vr\u00e9man po di in moun c\u00e9 in m\u00ebb. Parlf\u00e8te, la l\u00e9galit\u00e9, la l\u00e9jitimit\u00e9 l\u00e9sklavaj i komanse konm\u00e7a m\u00e8m.<\/p>\n<p>Inn foi-l\u2019tan konm\u00e7a l\u00e9sklav l\u00e9 konsid\u00e9r\u00e9 konm in bien, si i vande toute lo bien l\u00fc l\u00e9 konpri ansanm (lartik 43, 44 et 45). Apr\u00e9\u00e7a lo r\u00e9jim j\u00fcridik i suive lojik-la. L\u00e9sklav l\u00e9 pri dan lo m\u00e8m r\u00e9jim j\u00fcridik lo droi komin po bann <em>biens meubles<\/em> (<em>Ordonnance et Coutume de Paris<\/em> : lartik 40). I p\u00eb vande l\u00e9sklav soman i p\u00eb pa s\u00e9pare al\u00fc \u00e8k son madanm, san bann j\u00ebne zanfan (lartik 42). Kan lo maitr\u2019 i f\u00e9 kondane a-mor son z\u00e9sklav l\u00fc doi gaingne in lind\u00e9mnit\u00e9 (lartik 35). L\u00e9sklav, in lobj\u00e9 san droi, i p\u00eb pa \u00e8te propri\u00e9t\u00e8r, ni d\u2019l\u00fc m\u00e8m, ni d\u2019son zanfan, ni d\u2019son trava\u00efy, akoz tou\u00e7ala i apartien son maitr\u2019. Dapr\u00e9 lartik 21, l\u00fc l\u00e9 pa kapab an-avoir konm anprofite d\u2019inn propri\u00e9t\u00e9, l\u00e9 normal akoz \u00e7a in droi j\u00fcridik r\u00e9z\u00e8rv\u00e9 po bann propri\u00e9t\u00e8r. I p\u00eb pa \u00e8te r\u00e9sponsab sivil po toute \u00e7ak son maitr\u2019 i komande al\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9 vr\u00e9 n\u00e9na in r\u00e9jime prot\u00e9ksyon po l\u00e9sklav. \u00c7a in-af\u00e8r prinsipal bann jurist i rale lo konte dessi : si t\u00e8ks-la i f\u00e9 larbitr\u2019 rantr\u2019 lo maitr\u2019 \u00e8k son lobj\u00e9, koman parlf\u00e8te pa done al\u00fc jordi in l\u00e9jimit\u00e9 ? I fo n\u2019i anparle akoz, La R\u00e9nyon konm Moris, souvand\u00e9foi i antande dire l\u00e9sklavaj l\u00e9ta pa tro d\u00fcr, i di la plipar bann propri\u00e9t\u00e8r zot m\u00e8m l\u00e9t\u00e9 pove, zot l\u00e9t\u00e9 oblij\u00e9 lou\u00e9 zot z\u00e9sklav po survive. Soman i fo porte atansyon po koze la-dessi, \u00e7a i rouve in shemin pa ankor baliz\u00e9 po bann sh\u00e8rsh\u00ebr, dessi lo deu kalit\u00e9 soumission, \u00e7at lo maitr, \u00e7at l\u00e9sklav, akoz la politik d\u00e9vlopman kolonial <em>l\u2019Etat royal<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Rode pa la grand\u00ebr lo bann mez\u00fcre prot\u00e9ksyon, \u00e7a i transforme arpa jam\u00e9 l\u00e9sklav konm in suj\u00e9 n\u00e9na lo droi, soman i rap\u00e8le son kalit\u00e9 konm inn shoz i fo done lo soin, konm i done lo soin bann zanimo, sinon\u00e7a po ok\u00fcpe inn kaz. La pr\u00ebv, l\u00e9sklav l\u00e9 pa kapab r\u00e9klame par l\u00fc m\u00e8m lo bann droi lu n\u00e9na akoz l\u00fc la pwin p\u00e8rsonalit\u00e9 juridik. Son bann droi i kons\u00e8rne par \u00e9gzanp son linstr\u00fcksyon reliji\u00eb (lartik 1 insi-d\u2019suite). Soman, \u00e7a in droi sinon\u00e7a in lobligasyon, in mani\u00e8r po ogmante lo pouvoir la relijion katolik <em>d\u2019\u00c9tat<\/em> partou dessi la t\u00e8r ? I kons\u00e8rne ossi lobligasyon d\u2019soin kan l\u00e9zklav i vi\u00e8yi, i tonbe malade \u00e9pila lobligasyon done larjan lopital lo pl\u00fcs pr\u00e9 (lartik 20). I m\u00e8te an-plasse lo repo po lo bann f\u00e8te (lartik 4). An-toul\u00e9ka lo droi l\u00e9 baz\u00e9 dessi lo bon vouloir lo maitr\u2019, son l\u00e9sklav i p\u00eb pa passe t\u00e9moin konte l\u00fc (lartik 22). Son s\u00ebl possibilit\u00e9 c\u00e9 f\u00e9 in rapor po lo prok\u00fcr\u00ebr, kan lo maitr\u2019 i ranpli pa son bann zobligasyon ( lartik 19). I fo l\u00fc signale lo prok\u00fcr\u00ebr soman \u00e7a l\u00e9 pa a-fi\u00e9 akoz i vo pa in t\u00e9moignaj. Po finir, lartik 38 i pr\u00e9voi in punisyon po lo maitr\u2019 si l\u00fc mutile sinon\u00e7a l\u00fc tu\u00e9 son l\u00e9sklav. Soman apr\u00e9 in sinp pross\u00e9d\u00fcr lo maitr\u2019 i p\u00eb \u00e8te grassi\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Lo s\u00ebl lartik lo Kode i rekon\u00e9 l\u00e9sklav konm in moun l\u00e9 po anfonse al\u00fc ankor pl\u00fcs dann son kondisyon. Dapr\u00e9 lartik 25, dan lo droi krimin\u00e8l, l\u00fc p\u00eb \u00e8te poursuivi par\u00e8y in moun lib. Ki di lo mariaj konm lafranshisman, \u00e7a i d\u00e9pande lo maitr\u2019. Parlf\u00e8te tou\u00e7ala n\u00e9na in l\u00e9f\u00e9 d\u00e9mounizasyon par lo droi, in kons\u00e9kans la dominasyon i konvien bien la sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 kolonial.<\/p>\n<p>Maler\u00ebzman listoir i aprande pa nou gran shoz, sinon\u00e7a jist inn tip\u00eb. N\u00e9na ankor t\u00e8lman l\u00e9gzanp l\u00e9skl\u00fczion jordi k\u2019l\u00e9 konplik\u00e9 po konprande toute. M\u00e8m bann sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 i vante zot tol\u00e9rans \u2014 La Franse anparmi, \u00e8k la fi\u00e8rt\u00e9 son l\u00e9sp\u00e8ryans <em>La R\u00e9volution<\/em>, baz\u00e9 dessi lo prinsip l\u00fcniv\u00e8rsalit\u00e9 bann droi demoun \u2014 toute n\u00e9na zot kontradiksyon, zot limite, zot z\u00e9skl\u00fc : kissoi migran, kissoi pov, kissoi zandikap\u00e9\u2026 Biens\u00fcr tou\u00e7a la-\u00e9vol\u00fc\u00e9. Lint\u00e8rdiksyon j\u00e9n\u00e9ral, konm in prohibisyon, l\u00e9 rokon\u00fc. Parlf\u00e8te la d\u00e9klarasyon \u00fcniv\u00e8rs\u00e8l bann droi demoun (1948) i int\u00e8rdi l\u00e9sklavaj, mov\u00e9 tr\u00e8tman d\u00e9gradan. Bann t\u00e8ks <em>la cour p\u00e9nale internationale<\/em> 1998 i porte kondanasyon-la, konm kode p\u00e9nal toute nasyon. Biens\u00fcr l\u00e9sklavaj l\u00e9 p\u00fc dan la loi ; na p\u00fc lo droi dire in moun s\u00e9 inn shoz, lo bien d\u2019in ot moun.<\/p>\n<p>Po bien konprande l\u00e9sklavaj kom\u00e9la, i fo pa oublie f\u00e9 lanaliz lo Kode noir. Ast\u00ebr n\u00e9na toujour l\u00e9sploitasyon s\u00e9ks\u00fc\u00e8l, prostit\u00fcsyon, pornografi. I p\u00eb pa di tou\u00e7ala l\u00e9 vr\u00e9man nouvo<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.6124725967176792\" aria-label=\"Florence Massias, \u00ab L\u2019esclavage contemporain : les r\u00e9ponses du droit \u00bb, Revue Droit et Cultures, 39, 2000\/1, p. 101-124. Lot\u00ebr i signale koman lo droi frans\u00e9 l\u00e9 pov dessi la r\u00e9pr\u00e9ssion l\u00e9sklavaj akoz na pwin d\u00e9finisyon \u00e8k son incrimination autonome. Al\u00e9 lire ossi lo dossi\u00e9 Esclavage moderne ou modernit\u00e9 de l\u2019esclavage ?, in Cahiers d\u2019\u00e9tudes africaines, n\u00b0 179-180, dessou la dir\u00e9ksyon Roger Botte, Fran\u00e7oise Verg\u00e8s, \u00ab Travail contraint et esclavage. Utilisation et d\u00e9finitions aux diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9poques \u00bb.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. I p\u00eb pa di tou\u00e7ala l\u00e9 vr\u00e9man nouvo<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.5365107033171626\" aria-label=\" Al\u00e9 lire Pascal Blanchard , Nicolas Bancel, Gilles Boetsch , Dominic Thomas , Christelle Taraud (dir.), Le\u00efla Slimani (Postface), Achille Mbembe (Pr\u00e9face), Jacques Martial (Pr\u00e9face), Sexe, race &amp; colonies, Paris, La D\u00e9couverte, 2018, 544 p.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, m\u00e9 soman jordi l\u00e9sploitasyon demoun l\u00e9 rand\u00fc pl\u00fcs fassil par la mondializasyon lo bann z\u00e9shanj.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":13290,"parent":8664,"menu_order":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-13284","documentaire","type-documentaire","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire\/13284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/documentaire"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire\/8664"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13290"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}