{"id":14042,"date":"2025-01-29T14:47:37","date_gmt":"2025-01-29T10:47:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/?post_type=documentaire&#038;p=14042"},"modified":"2026-01-23T11:21:40","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T07:21:40","slug":"larkeoloji-lo-maronaj-dan-la-renyon","status":"publish","type":"documentaire","link":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/documentaires\/lesklavaj\/rezistanse-kontr-lesklavaj\/larkeoloji-lo-maronaj-dan-la-renyon\/","title":{"rendered":"Lark\u00e9oloji lo maronaj dan La R\u00e9nyon"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Lo mo \u00ab maronaj<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.27459342614811044\" aria-label=\"Na deu mani\u00e8r \u00e9krir \u00ab marronage \u00bb, sinon\u00e7a \u00ab maronage \u00bb dann dok\u00fcman istorik\">&nbsp;<\/span> \u00bb i indike in f\u00e9nom\u00e8ne \u00e9sp\u00e9ssial : la fuite bann z\u00e9sklav dan la montagn sinon\u00e7a par la m\u00e8r, po shape \u00e8k la s\u00e8rvit\u00fcde lo maitr\u2019 dann bann dom\u00e8n.<\/h2>\n<div style=\"width: 525px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-14042-1\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/poster_dijoux.jpg\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/12-A.DIJOUX_Creole.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/12-A.DIJOUX_Creole.mp4\">https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/12-A.DIJOUX_Creole.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>R\u00e9zistans-la nav\u00e9 partou, toute z\u00e9pok, d\u00e8k-kan demoun l\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9sklaviz\u00e9. \u00c7a i sorte \u00e8k lo mo \u00e9spagnol cimarr\u00f3n, po nome in zanimo dom\u00e9stik la-artourne sovaj dann boi. Le maronaj c\u00e9 lo m\u00e9y\u00ebr mani\u00e8r r\u00e9zisse kontr\u2019 lo sist\u00e8m \u00e9sklavajist\u2019, akoz i marke in r\u00fcpt\u00fcr volont\u00e8r konpl\u00e9 \u00e8k la kondisyon z\u00e9sklav [CAROTENUTO, 2006]. Dann lil La R\u00e9nyon, i kon\u00e9 lo maronaj rienk \u00e8k bann dok\u00fcman istorik, dok\u00fcman zarshiv, rakontaj \u00e9tno-istorik par bann gouv\u00e8rnman \u00e9pila bann kolon l\u00e9pok-la. Konm na pwin zandroi la-kons\u00e8rve la m\u00e9moir, i mez\u00fcre son linpak sirtou \u00e8k la kantit\u00e9 bann mark toponimik \u00e8k lorijin malgash sirtou dann lint\u00e8ri\u00ebr lil (Silaos, Mafate, Salazi\u2026). La r\u00e9zistans-r\u00fcpt\u00fcr-la kontr\u2019 l\u00e9sklavaj l\u00e9t\u00e9 in gran r\u00e9alit\u00e9 istorik po vr\u00e9man dann Bourbon\/La R\u00e9nyon jiska labolisyon d\u00e9finitiv lan\u00e9 1848.<\/p>\n<p>Lark\u00e9oloji i komanse travaye dessi lo maronaj dann zan\u00e9 1960-1970 dann Z\u00e9taz\u00fcni, apr\u00e9\u00e7a la-d\u00e9vlope dann d\u2019ot p\u00e9i dessi la t\u00e8r. \u00c7a la-p\u00e8rm\u00e8te d\u00e9kouve \u00e9pila \u00e9t\u00fcdi\u00e9 bann landroi ou\u00e7a z\u00e9sklav t\u00e9 i r\u00e8sse dann Br\u00e9zil, Kara\u00efb, Surinam \u00e9pila lil Moris. Konm bann sourse istorik l\u00e9 limit\u00e9, jord\u00fc n\u00e9na rienk par lark\u00e9oloji i p\u00eb kon\u00e8te lo mani\u00e8r vive bann z\u00e9sklav maron. Po \u00e7a i rode \u00e9pila i analize lo bann v\u00e9stij mat\u00e9ri\u00e8l, po gaingne nouvo zinformasyon, na d\u00e9foi i p\u00eb amontre \u00e7ak listoir i kon\u00e9 p\u00fc sinon\u00e7a \u00e7ak \u00e8l la-kashi\u00e8te \u00e9ksepr\u00e9 pandan l\u00e9pok l\u00e9sklavaj. La R\u00e9nyon depi la fin 17\u00e8m si\u00e8k, bann z\u00e9sklav la-ans\u00e8rve bann sirk konm ref\u00fcj, akoz la forme lo reli\u00e8f lo bann vi\u00e9 kald\u00e9ra gr\u00e9n\u00e9. Lo promi\u00e9 p\u00ebpl\u00e9man bann landroi a-pik, inp\u00e9n\u00e9trab, la-komanse \u00e8k bann z\u00e9sklav maron\u00ebr-la [\u00c8VE, 2003]. Pandan lontan nav\u00e9 rienk dok\u00fcman istorik \u00e9kri (bann rapor shass\u00ebr d\u2019maron, pross\u00e9-v\u00e8rbal, lint\u00e9rogatoir, rakontaj). Ast\u00e8r i \u00e9t\u00fcdie lo maronaj \u00e8k in nouvo mani\u00e8r rokon\u00fc, grace lo bann m\u00e9tod lark\u00e9oloji<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.08875999137550394\" aria-label=\"Sianse i int\u00e9r\u00e8sse \u00e8k lo pass\u00e9 demoun, lark\u00e9oloji i \u00e9tudi\u00e9 bann v\u00e9stij mat\u00e9ri\u00e8l i trouve dan la t\u00e8r sinon\u00e7a dann de-lo, sinon\u00e7a dann fon la m\u00e8r.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Konm bann sourse istorik l\u00e9 limit\u00e9, jord\u00fc n\u00e9na rienk par lark\u00e9oloji i p\u00eb kon\u00e8te lo mani\u00e8r vive bann z\u00e9sklav maron. Po \u00e7a i rode \u00e9pila i analize lo bann v\u00e9stij mat\u00e9ri\u00e8l, po gaingne nouvo zinformasyon, na d\u00e9foi i p\u00eb amontre \u00e7ak listoir i kon\u00e9 p\u00fc sinon\u00e7a \u00e7ak \u00e8l la-kashi\u00e8te \u00e9ksepr\u00e9 pandan l\u00e9pok l\u00e9sklavaj.<\/p>\n<p>Depi la fin lan\u00e9 2007, n\u00e9na in program rosh\u00e8rsh ark\u00e9olojik siantifik po dok\u00fcmante lok\u00fcpasyon dan l\u00e9-O La R\u00e9nyon, sirtou lo kondisyon d\u2019vie bann z\u00e9sklav maron. Lan\u00e9 2010, la DAC-OI<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.6545478065443229\" aria-label=\"Dir\u00e8ksyon Zaf\u00e8r K\u00fcltir\u00e8l Loss\u00e9an Indien.\">&nbsp;<\/span> la-rouve in s\u00e8rvis ofissi\u00e8l, r\u00e9glomant\u00e8r, la-p\u00e8rm\u00e8te komanse bann z\u00e9t\u00fcd ark\u00e9olojik dan la t\u00e8r [JACQUOT, 2014]. Rosh\u00e8rsh bann zarshiv la t\u00e8r, anpl\u00fcs bann zarshiv \u00e9kri \u00e9tudi\u00e9 an-gran, i komanse amontre koman bann maron t\u00e9 i s\u00fcrvive toul\u00e9jour, \u00e9pila na pwin lontan, la-fourni lo promi\u00e9 pr\u00ebve mat\u00e9ri\u00e8l l\u00e9gzistans lo gran maronaj dann lil [DIJOUX, 2014].<\/p>\n<h3>La \u00ab val\u00e9 sekr\u00e9 \u00bb : lo promi\u00e9 site ark\u00e9olojik maronaj kon\u00fc La R\u00e9nyon<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_348\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-348\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ill-1-site-vallee-secrete-photo-a-l-dijoux-web.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-348 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ill-1-site-vallee-secrete-photo-a-l-dijoux-web.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ill-1-site-vallee-secrete-photo-a-l-dijoux-web.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ill-1-site-vallee-secrete-photo-a-l-dijoux-web-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ill-1-site-vallee-secrete-photo-a-l-dijoux-web-768x577.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-348\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landroi VALLEE SECRETE. Foto Anne-Laure Dijoux,(droi garanti)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Lan\u00e9 1995, san f\u00e9-t\u00e9spr\u00e9, in guide la ote-montagn la-trouve la \u00ab val\u00e9 sekr\u00e9 \u00bb i sava jiska 2200 m dann sirk Silaos. \u00c8k 450 m longu\u00ebr, 50 m larj\u00ebr, i forme in gran kass\u00e9, rantr\u2019 2 ranpar 50 m ot\u00ebr. Kissoi dann zarshiv, kissoi dann rakontaj demoun i koze pa dessi la Val\u00e9 sekr\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 n\u00e9na in landroi ark\u00e9olojik inkroyab. La zone ark\u00e9olojik i mez\u00fcre 350 m2 parla, i tonbe j\u00fcst dann mili\u00eb la val\u00e9, ou\u00e7a p\u00e8rsone i voi pa ou. Lo bann v\u00e9stij kot\u00e9 Lou\u00e8st i forme in landroi ou\u00e7a n\u00e9na zosman zanimo dessi la t\u00e8r, \u00e8k lo r\u00e8st deu batiman par kot\u00e9 L\u00e9st.<\/p>\n<p>Lo bann sondaj ark\u00e9olojik la-f\u00e9 d\u00e9kouve pl\u00fczi\u00e8r koush, i t\u00e9moigne nav\u00e9 demoun t\u00e9 i vive t\u00e8rla. Dann mili\u00eb shak boukan la-trouve in foy\u00e9 ansanm lo r\u00e8st zanimo, sirtou lo r\u00e8st zoizo, \u00e8k inp\u00e9 d\u2019r\u00e8st zanimo d\u2019t\u00e8r. La-trouve pl\u00fcs mil r\u00e8st o-total. Bann zanaliz ark\u00e9ozoolojik<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.23767263346381462\" aria-label=\"Lark\u00e9ozooloji i \u00e9tudi\u00e9 bann zosman zanimo i trouve dessi bann site ark\u00e9olojik.\">&nbsp;<\/span> i amontre lo manj\u00e9 toul\u00e9jour l\u00e9t\u00e9 sirtou la viand\u2019 ti-zoizo tann i gaingne pankor vol\u00e9 (P\u00e9trel de Barau-<em>Pterodoma baraui<\/em>) \u00e8k anpl\u00fcs la viand\u2019 koshon\/sangli\u00e9, \u00e9pila kabri\/mouton. Parsk bann p\u00e9tr\u00e8l l\u00e9t\u00e9 dan la val\u00e9 rienk dann komansman lan\u00e9, landroi-la l\u00e9t\u00e9 fr\u00e9kant\u00e9 po la shasse \u00e9pila po vive pandan la s\u00e9zon. Lo r\u00e9stan d\u2019lan\u00e9, l\u00e9t\u00e9 in ref\u00fcj maliz\u00e9 po trouv\u00e9, m\u00e9 soman l\u00e9t\u00e9 difissil vive at\u00e8rla pluzi\u00e8r jour akoz nav\u00e9 pwin rien po manj\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Parlf\u00e8te, demoun la-l\u00e8sse rienk deu-troi morso zobj\u00e9 : in klou, bann sil\u00e8ks pi\u00e8r-a-fuzi, in morso d\u2019pip-la-sho po fum\u00e9, \u00e9pila pti z\u00e9kli d\u2019f\u00e8r. C\u00e9 la pr\u00ebv nav\u00e9 zaktivit\u00e9 dom\u00e9stik dan lo bann zajoupa : konsomasyon z\u00e8rb po f\u00fcm\u00e9, lalumaj do-f\u00eb \u00e8k pi\u00e8r-a-f\u00fczi konm p\u00e8rkut\u00ebr. La datasyon siantifik lo morso d\u2019pip la-p\u00e8rm\u00e8te trouve la date lo d\u00e8rni\u00e9 foi la-ans\u00e8rve al\u00fc : lan\u00e9 1822, plizoumoins 13 zan\u00e9, donk rantr\u2019 1809-1835, s\u00e9tadir anplin dann l\u00e9pok l\u00e9sklavaj kolonial dann lil.<\/p>\n<p>Toute lo bann r\u00e9zulta lark\u00e9oloji i t\u00e9moigne koman la \u00ab val\u00e9 sekr\u00e9 \u00bb la-ans\u00e8rve <strong>ref\u00fcj an-s\u00e9zon po bann z\u00e9sklav maron<\/strong>, t\u00e9 i rode zot lib\u00e8rt\u00e9. Landroi \u00e9ks\u00e9psyon\u00e8l-la \u2014 lo promi\u00e9, jiska l\u00e8r lo s\u00ebl t\u00e9moignaj ark\u00e9olojik i kon\u00e9 po lo gran maronaj dann lil \u2014 i d\u00e9montre po vr\u00e9man in volont\u00e9 s\u00fcrvive dann kondisyon vr\u00e9man maliz\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Landroi \u00ab HBC13 \u00bb : in kanpman an-s\u00e9zon par kot\u00e9 volkan<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_350\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-350\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ill-2-site-hbc13-photo-a-l-dijoux-web.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-350 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ill-2-site-hbc13-photo-a-l-dijoux-web.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ill-2-site-hbc13-photo-a-l-dijoux-web.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ill-2-site-hbc13-photo-a-l-dijoux-web-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ill-2-site-hbc13-photo-a-l-dijoux-web-768x509.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-350\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landroi HBC13. Foto Anne-Laure Dijoux,(droi garanti)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>I trouve landroi ark\u00e9olojik \u00ab HBC13 \u00bb, pl\u00fcs 2200 m ot\u00ebr, dann massif Piton la Fournaise, in landroi demoun t\u00e9 i fr\u00e9kante komansman 18\u00e8m si\u00e8k apartir. Demoun la-r\u00e8sse t\u00e8rla, dessou in kap, dann in kav\u00e8rn 6,80 m larj\u00ebr po 1,70 m ot\u00ebr. Kav\u00e8rn-la i rouve an-gran dessi la for\u00e9. L\u00e9t\u00e9 prot\u00e9j\u00e9 an-gro kot\u00e9 L\u00e8st \u00e8k in pti m\u00fcr pi\u00e8r s\u00e8sh 2,80m longu\u00ebr po 50 cm ot\u00ebr, aranj\u00e9 sinp-sinp, m\u00e9soman \u00e9fikasse.<\/p>\n<p>Lan\u00e9 2013, bann sondaj ark\u00e9olojik la-p\u00e8rm\u00e8te d\u00e9montre pluzi\u00e8r lok\u00fcpasyon an-s\u00e9zon inn d\u00e8ri\u00e8r l\u2019ot, akoz nav\u00e9 in takon ti-foy\u00e9 fane-fan\u00e9 dann labri-la. La-d\u00e9kouve in pak\u00e9 d\u2019r\u00e8st zanimo, 274 zosman o-total. Zanaliz zosman-la i prouve ankor-in-kou lo manj\u00e9 l\u00e9t\u00e9 sirtou apartir d\u2019la shasse pti zoizo tannn (P\u00e9trel de Barau- Pterodroma baraui) \u2014 nou majine, malgr\u00e9 na p\u00fc la trasse jord\u00fc, zot t\u00e9 i nishe pa tro loin lajoupa \u2014 \u00e9pila tanzantan, inp\u00eb d\u2019kabri sovaj.<br \/>\nKonm po la \u00ab val\u00e9 sekr\u00e9 \u00bb, jist inn tip\u00eb zobj\u00e9 l\u00e9t\u00e9 abandon\u00e9 dann labri : 2 pti-boute sil\u00e8ks pi\u00e8r-a-f\u00fczi, sinon\u00e7a pi\u00e8r-a-brik\u00e9, inn tij klou an-f\u00e8r forj\u00e9. Konm zobj\u00e9-la l\u00e9t\u00e9 kouran dann l\u00e9pok kolonial, i p\u00eb pa trouve la date \u00e9gzakte lo bann zok\u00fcpasyon.<\/p>\n<p>La plasse bann zosman dan la kav\u00e8rne i amontre zot t\u00e9 i ans\u00e8rve lo fon bien ress\u00e9r\u00e9 po j\u00e8te lo bann r\u00e8st, o-kontr\u00e8r landroi kouv\u00e8r par dovan, prot\u00e9j\u00e9 \u00e8k lo pti m\u00fcr t\u00e9 i ans\u00e8rve po f\u00e9 kui , po manj\u00e9, po shof\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Lo r\u00e9z\u00fclta bann sondaj ark\u00e9olojik \u00e8k anpl\u00fcs lanvironman topografik i p\u00e8rm\u00e8te amontre labri \u00ab HBC13 \u00bb t\u00e9 i ans\u00e8rve konm<strong> kanpman an-s\u00e9zon, po la shasse bann zanimo<\/strong> (\u00e9pila trouve d\u2019ot shoz), <strong>dann zalantour po manj\u00e9<\/strong>. L\u00e9 pa fassil kon\u00e8te la kronoloji bann zok\u00fcpasyon, rantr\u2019 18\u00e8m-19\u00e8m si\u00e8k, akoz na pwin ditou zobj\u00e9 l\u00e9pok-la.<\/p>\n<p>Po kon\u00e8te ki\u00e7a la-r\u00e8sse an-promi\u00e9 dan labri \u00ab HBC13 \u00bb l\u00e9 pa fassil nonpl\u00fcs, akoz kissoi bann z\u00e9sklav maron, kissoi bann shass\u00e8r d\u2019Noir, sinon\u00e7a bann pti Blan rod\u00ebr d\u2019jibi\u00e9 la-passe la, toute t\u00e9 i vive par\u00e8y. Parlf\u00e8te l\u00e9 possib l\u00e9 troi groupe demoun-la, la-vive t\u00e8rla in moman don\u00e9 ; \u00e7a m\u00e8m i tonbe lo probl\u00e8m prinsipal po lark\u00e9oloji lo maronaj lil La R\u00e9nyon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":14043,"parent":8666,"menu_order":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-14042","documentaire","type-documentaire","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire\/14042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/documentaire"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire\/8666"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}