{"id":15057,"date":"2025-10-09T15:53:28","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T11:53:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/?post_type=documentaire&#038;p=15057"},"modified":"2025-11-27T11:22:06","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T07:22:06","slug":"langajism-dan-la-renyon","status":"publish","type":"documentaire","link":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/documentaires\/labolisyon\/apre-labolisyon\/langajism-dan-la-renyon\/","title":{"rendered":"Langajism dan La R\u00e9nyon"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Depi lan\u00e9 1828 jiska lan\u00e9 1933, 200 000 zangaj\u00e9 la-arive Bourbon\/La R\u00e9nyon. Migrasyon-la i rante dann bann gran migrasyon-trava\u00efy 19\u00e8m si\u00e8k : bann migrasyon lib konm \u00e7at bann Zirland\u00e9 dann maliz\u00e9 l\u00e8rk zot la-sove po Lam\u00e9rik, i ap\u00e8le \u00e7a ossi migrasyon-trava\u00efy \u00ab oblij\u00e9 \u00bb sinon\u00e7a \u00ab fors\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/h2>\n<div style=\"width: 525px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-15057-1\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/poster_marimoutou_1.jpg\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Michele-MARIMOUTOU-LEngagisme-Creole.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Michele-MARIMOUTOU-LEngagisme-Creole.mp4\">https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Michele-MARIMOUTOU-LEngagisme-Creole.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>Langajism sinon\u00e7a <em>Indenture labour<\/em> s\u00e9tadir trava\u00efy \u00e8k in kontra-langajman \u00e7a lo sist\u00e8m t\u00e9 i utilize l\u00e8rk la mind\u00ebv i prande la plasse l\u00e9sklavaj apr\u00e9 labolisyon 1833-34 dann koloni britanik \u00e9pila \u00e7at 1848 dann koloni frans\u00e9.<br \/>\nF\u00e9nom\u00e8n mondial-la la-transf\u00e8re dann inn karant\u00e8n t\u00e9ritoir, pl\u00fcs 3 milion demoun i sorte prinsipalman Lazi (1,5 milion Zindien<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.5635348350603439\" aria-label=\" I f\u00e9 8 % solman anparmi 19,3 milion Zindien la kite lo sou-kontinan rantr\u2019 1834 \u00e8k 1915.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, 500 000 Shinoi) \u00e9pila Lafrik. 1\/5 bann zangaj\u00e9 la-parti po zil Maskar\u00e8gn (200 000 parla po La R\u00e9nyon, 462 800 po Lil Moris).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1305\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1305\" style=\"width: 2000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-1b.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1305\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1305 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-1b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-1b.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-1b-300x105.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-1b-768x270.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-1b-1024x359.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1305\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Campement des coolies travailleurs avant leur d\u00e9part pour les habitations<\/em>. Evremond de B\u00e9rard. L\u00e9stanpe. Dann <em>L\u2019illustration : journal universel<\/em>. Lan\u00e9 1858.\u00a0<br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon M\u00fcz\u00e9 Vill\u00e8le. Fon Michel Pol\u00e9nyk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Inn rantr\u2019 bann karakt\u00e9ristik langajism dan La R\u00e9nyon c\u00e9 la fasson la-m\u00e8te al\u00fc an-plasse bone-h\u00ebr, l\u00e9pok kan l\u00e9sklavaj l\u00e9 ankor l\u00e9gal. L\u00e8rk dann koloni britanik, Moris l\u00e9 lavangarde po lo <em>Great Experiment<\/em> depi 1834<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.47565567642829454\" aria-label=\"Parlf\u00e8te bann promi\u00e9 zangag\u00e9 19\u00e9m si\u00e8k c\u00e9 deu-troi Shinoi lav\u00e9 anvoye Trinidad lan\u00e9 1806.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, o-nivo mondial, rienk La R\u00e9nyon la-\u00e9sp\u00e9rimante lo trava\u00efy pl\u00fcs ke 3 000 zangaj\u00e9 a-kot\u00e9 bann z\u00e9sklav. Komansman avriy 1828, l\u00e8rk bann kolon la-f\u00e9 la demande, go\u00e9l\u00e8t <em>La Turquoise<\/em> la-d\u00e9karke 15 zangaj\u00e9 \u00ab t\u00e9lingas \u00bb, anbark\u00e9 depi Yanaon. Zot l\u00e9 lo bann promi\u00e9 \u00ab zangaj\u00e9 do-s\u00fck \u00bb<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.11810021430604634\" aria-label=\"MARIMOUTOU Mich\u00e8le, Les engag\u00e9s du sucre, Z\u00e9disyon Tramail, La R\u00e9nyon, lan\u00e9 1989, 261 p.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<br \/>\nLo gou la Franse po do-s\u00fck \u00e9pila la fin program\u00e9 l\u00e9sklavaj ala deu r\u00e9zon po f\u00e9 v\u2019nir nouvo trava\u00efy\u00ebr-la. Parlf\u00e8te la p\u00e8rte Sin-Doming<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.6164243192213879\" aria-label=\"Proklamasyon lind\u00e9pendans lo 1\u00e9 janvi\u00e9 1804.\">&nbsp;<\/span>, lo promi\u00e8r koloni do-s\u00fck, \u00e9pila bann zavalasse 1806-1807 ke la-d\u00e9trui bann plantasyon kaf\u00e9, la-pousse bann plant\u00ebr \u00e9ss\u00e8ye k\u00fcltir la kane k\u2019 i demande in bonp\u00e9 la mind\u00ebv bon marsh\u00e9, sirtou fassil po kontrol\u00e9.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1133\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1133\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1133\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1133 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-2.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-2-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1133\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Album de la R\u00e9union : Usine centrale K\/V\u00e9guen. Quartier Fran\u00e7ais<\/em>. Louis Antoine Roussin. lan\u00e9 1884. Litografi.<br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon M\u00fcz\u00e9 L\u00e9on Dierx<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u00c9pila depi lan\u00e9 1815 jiska lan\u00e9 1817 la tr\u00e8te z\u00e9sklav l\u00e9 int\u00e8rdi, po \u00e7am\u00e8n bann dom\u00e8n n\u00e9na probl\u00e8m po trouve nouvo z\u00e9sklav. Anpl\u00fcs, zatak bann sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 anti-\u00e9sklavajist i anonse la fin lo sist\u00e8m.<br \/>\nAlorse i arkomanse lansien sist\u00e8m trava\u00efy bann <em>Compagnies des Indes<\/em><span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.3305332542206042\" aria-label=\"ANDR\u00c9 Jean-Michel, Les engag\u00e9s de la Compagnie des Indes-Marins et ouvriers (1717-1770), Servisse istorik la Marine, 2004, p. 277. Syst\u00e8m-la i pran mod\u00e8l \u00e8k \u00e7ak lav\u00e9 17\u00e8 si\u00e8k dann Kanada \u00e8k bann Zantiy.\">&nbsp;<\/span> lav\u00e9 \u00fctilize 18\u00e8m si\u00e8k po m\u00e8te an-val\u00ebr bann t\u00e9ritoir zot lav\u00e9 kapay\u00e9 ; sist\u00e8m-la t\u00e9 i p\u00e8rm\u00e8te anvoye dann bann koloni bann Z\u00ebrop\u00e9in \u00e8k in kontra 36 mois, \u00e9pila ossi bann trava\u00efy\u00ebr-lib i sorte d\u2019ot kot\u00e9. Dann Maskar\u00e8gn, bann gouv\u00e8rn\u00ebr Mah\u00e9 de Labourdonnais \u00e8k Beno\u00eet Dumas la-rekr\u00fcte depi Pondish\u00e9ri, Zindien \u00ab Malbar \u00bb par sant\u00e8n po zot kapassit\u00e9 t\u00e9knik.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1253\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1253\" style=\"width: 457px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-3-2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1253\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"taille-initiale wp-image-1253 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-3-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"457\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-3-2.jpg 457w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-3-2-249x300.jpg 249w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1253\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Limigrasyon zindien. Toul\u00e9jour t\u00e9 i arive gran konvoi zangaj\u00e9. Castelli ; Vintraut.<br \/>L\u00e9stanpe. Dann <em>Journal des voyages et des aventures de terre et mer<\/em>, N\u00b0 563, 22 avriy 1888, p. 257.<br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon M\u00fcz\u00e9 Vill\u00e8le. Fon Michel Pol\u00e9nyk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>L\u00e9migrasyon i sorte Linde l\u00e9 pa d\u2019in s\u00ebl tr\u00e9, l\u00e9 pl\u00fcto dessi troi p\u00e8riode : rantr\u2019 1828 -1830, bann zangaj\u00e9 i sorte Yanaon ; rantr\u2019 1848-1860, n\u00e9na in l\u00e9migrasyon i ap\u00e8le \u00e7at \u00ab bann kontoir frans\u00e9\u00bb, prinsipalman Pondish\u00e9ri \u00e8k Karikal ; \u00e9pila rantr\u2019 1860-1885, lo rekr\u00fctman i sava depi lari\u00e8r-p\u00e9\u00ef britanik apartir Kalkuta, \u00e9pila Madras, Pondish\u00e9ri, Karikal. F\u00fcramezir lo flo depi Linde i af\u00e9bli sinon\u00e7a i ar\u00e8te, bann rekrut\u00ebr i arsava rode pl\u00fcto dann d\u2019ot r\u00e9jion dan lo Monde : la Shine 1844 apartir \u00e9pila apr\u00e8 1848, la kote Lafrik L\u00e8st, Madagaskar, bann zil Passifik, Lindoshine, Komor\u2026 Bann d\u00e8rni\u00e9 zangaj\u00e9 l\u00e9 rekr\u00fct\u00e9 Rodrigue lan\u00e9 1933 ; langajism m\u00e8m i fini rienk lan\u00e9 1937.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_1299\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1299\" style=\"width: 2000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-4b-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1299\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1299 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-4b-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-4b-1.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-4b-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-4b-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-4b-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-4b-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-4b-1-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1299\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bann migrasyon trava\u00efy jiska La R\u00e9nyon : 19\u00e8m si\u00e9k, komansman 20\u00e8m si\u00e8k . Dann <em>Le lazaret de La Grande Chaloupe : quarantine et engagisme<\/em>, [Mich\u00e8le Marimoutou-Oberl\u00e9], D\u00e9partman La R\u00e9nyon, lan\u00e9 2017, p. 94.<br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon M\u00fcz\u00e9 Vill\u00e8le<\/figcaption><\/figure>L\u2019ot gran karakt\u00e9ristik langajism La R\u00e9nyon c\u00e9 la div\u00e8rsit\u00e9 bann r\u00e9jion ou\u00e7a bann zangaj\u00e9 i sorte. Depi 1828 jiska 1933, i anregistre ofissi\u00e8lman rantr\u2019 147 000 \u00e8k 165 000 zangaj\u00e9. Zot i sorte in p\u00eb partou : 117 000 Zindien, 37 000 Zafrikin, 3 556 Shinois \u00e8k Vi\u00e8tnamien, 3 630 Malgash, 3 000 Rodrigu\u00e9. Si deu-ti\u00e8r i sorte Linde, in ti\u00e8r i sorte d\u2019ot r\u00e9jion. Dann lil Moris, n\u00e9na rienk 10 000 zangaj\u00e9, 2 %, l\u00e9 pa Zindien.<\/p>\n<p>Lo sist\u00e8m langajism i d\u00fcre pl\u00fcs d\u2019in si\u00e8k, i marke lil po lontan, parsk i renouv\u00e8le la konpozisyon son populasyon, parlf\u00e8te i rof\u00e9 lo soubasman roliji\u00eb \u00e8k k\u00fcltir\u00e8l. C\u00e9 in aki inportan i forje La R\u00e9nyon jordi.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_1255\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1255\" style=\"width: 446px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-5-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1255\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"taille-initiale wp-image-1255 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-5-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"446\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-5-1.jpg 446w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-5-1-206x300.jpg 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1255\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Souvenir de l&#8217;Ile de la R\u00e9union. [Groupe des types de La R\u00e9union]<\/em>. Constant Az\u00e9ma. Rantr&#8217; 1871 \u00e8k 1877. Photographie.<br \/>Kol\u00e9ksyon M\u00fcz\u00e9 Bann zar d\u00e9koratif Loss\u00e9an Indien<\/figcaption><\/figure>La nat\u00fcr sist\u00e8m-la la toujour k\u00e9stione bann sh\u00e8rsh\u00ebr. Lan\u00e9 1974, Hugh TINKER dann son promi\u00e9 livr\u2019, <em>A New System of Slavery: the export of Indian Labour Overseas, 1830-1920<\/em><span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7345560764063531\" aria-label=\"Oxford University Press, 439 p., la-ref\u00e9 lan\u00e9 1993.\">&nbsp;<\/span> i konpare langajism indien \u00e8k l\u00e9sklavaj l\u00e8rk i analize bann kondisyon trava\u00efy zangaj\u00e9. L\u00e8rk son livr\u2019 la-sorti, la-rom\u00e8te an-k\u00e8stion t\u00e8ze-la, m\u00e9soman \u00e7a i divize toujour bann zistorien-langajism, ankor pl\u00fcs bann d\u00e9ssandan zangaj\u00e9, sirtou \u00e7at bann zans\u00e8t la-trava\u00efye d\u00fcr dann plantasyon, dann l\u00fczine. Par koman i p\u00eb m\u00e8te kost\u00e9 langajism \u00e8k l\u00e9sklavaj ? Nor\u00e9 in kontinuit\u00e9 sinon\u00e7a in rupt\u00fcr rantr\u2019 l\u00e9 deu sist\u00e8m ?<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1145\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1145\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-6.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1145\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1145 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-6.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-6-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1145\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trava\u00efy\u00ebr i sava trava\u00efy. D\u00e9ta\u00efy<em> Etablissement de sucrerie de Beaufonds<\/em>. Constant Az\u00e9ma. Lan\u00e9 1872. Foto.<br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon Zarshiv D\u00e9partman La R\u00e9ynon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Bann z\u00e9sklav amen\u00e9 dann lil l\u00e9 mark\u00e9 par bann gran tromatism akoz bann shass\u00ebr z\u00e9sklav, daborinn la-kapaye azot \u00e9pila la-f\u00e9 marshe azot anmar\u00e9 inn \u00e8k l\u2019ot, dessi shemin kouv\u00e8r av\u00e8k bann kadav \u00e7at la pa r\u00e9shap\u00e9, jiska bann gran marsh\u00e9 z\u00e9sklav. Anpl\u00fcs ke \u00e7a n\u00e9na la onte, la kol\u00e8r ramass\u00e9 l\u00e8rk t\u00e9 i \u00e9spoze zot kor po la vante ; \u00e9pila po fini i fo ankor zot i marshe jiska bor d\u2019mer, ou\u00e7a n\u00e9na loss\u00e9an, ou\u00e7a na p\u00fc l\u00e9spoir artourne zot p\u00e9\u00ef natal, la t\u00e8r zot zans\u00e8te. Kan zot i d\u00e9barke, f\u00e8b, kraz\u00e9, kan zot la-fine r\u00e9shape la mor pandan lo voyaj t\u00e9rib, ansh\u00e9n\u00e9 dann kal bato n\u00e9gri\u00e9. Zot i tonbe propri\u00e9t\u00e9 bann maitr\u2019 zot i kon\u00e9 pa, k\u2019i done azot inn\u2019ot nom, f\u00e9 \u00e7ak i v\u00eb \u00e8k zot jiska t\u00fc\u00e9 azot si son lanvi i l\u00e8ve. Bann pl\u00fcs j\u00e8n i kon\u00e9 p\u00fc kissa zot i l\u00e9, lo bann pl\u00fcs vi\u00eb i \u00e9ssaye ansouvnir zot lang, lo bann rit\u00fc\u00e8l zot zans\u00e8t. Toulp\u00eb l\u00e9 oblij\u00e9 f\u00e9 labit\u00fcd \u00e8k lo d\u00fcr mani\u00e8r -vivr\u2019 dessi lo dom\u00e8n, parsk i p\u00eb pa shap\u00e9 sinon\u00e7a riskab l\u00e9rk i arkapaye azot, zot i gaingne shatiman ( marke \u00e8k f\u00e8r rouj, koupe zor\u00e8y, koupe la janb) sinon\u00e7a la mor.<\/p>\n<p>An-konpar\u00e9zon, la pl\u00fcpar bann zangaj\u00e9 la-shoizi al\u00e9 trava\u00efye l\u2019ot kot\u00e9 la m\u00e8r. Parlf\u00e8te zot l\u00e9 trava\u00efy\u00ebr lib. Kondisyon-la l\u00e9 rekonu depi 18\u00e8m jiska 19\u00e8m si\u00e8k. Akoz \u00e7a m\u00e8m zot n\u00e9na kapassit\u00e9 signe lo kontra \u00e9kri konm t\u00e9 pr\u00e9v\u00fc depi zot d\u00e9par. Toute t\u00e9 fiks\u00e9 davanse : la d\u00fcr\u00e9 trava\u00efy 3 an, lan\u00e9 1828 apartir, apr\u00e9\u00e7a 5 an ; lo maitr\u2019 l\u00e9 oblij\u00e9 done azot inn p\u00e8ye tou-l\u00e9-mois, la kaz, lo manj\u00e9, lo soin, lo linj. Sirtou zot n\u00e9na la garanti pratike zot rolijion, artourne dann zot p\u00e8\u00ef si zot la anvi l\u00e8rk lo kontra i fini. Bann kondisyon-la l\u00e9 bien pr\u00e9ssiz\u00e9 po shak gran p\u00e9riode langajism zindien, l\u00e9 valab ossi po l\u00e9 zot zangaj\u00e9 dapr\u00e9 bann lartik <em>Conventions franco-britanniques <\/em>lan\u00e9 1860-61.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1301\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1301\" style=\"width: 2546px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-7b.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1301\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1301 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-7b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2546\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-7b.jpg 2546w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-7b-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-7b-768x603.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-7b-1024x804.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1301\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kontra langajman trava\u00efy.<br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon Zarshiv D\u00e9partman La R\u00e9nyon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Langaj\u00e9 lib i kons\u00e8rve \u00e9pila i done son nom son d\u00e9ssandan. I anrejistre al\u00fc dessi la liste bann bato \u00e9pila, l\u00e8rk i arive, dann rejistre matrik\u00fcl la koloni \u00e8k la kom\u00fcne : dabit\u00fcd lo nom l\u00e9 anrejistr\u00e9 promi\u00e9 d\u00e9b\u00fc c\u00e9 son prope nom, m\u00e9soman l\u00e9 pa oblij\u00e9. L\u00e9 mark\u00e9 dessi kontra trava\u00efy \u00e9pila i done lo nom-la son bann zanfan i \u00e9n\u00e8te dann lil. La pl\u00fcpar bann d\u00e9ssandan zangaj\u00e9 i porte lo nom in zans\u00e8te fanm ; akoz a\u00e8l m\u00e8m la-d\u00e9klare lo zanfan. Dann 19\u00e8m si\u00e8k, na pwin bonp\u00e9 paran l\u00e9 mari\u00e9 dapr\u00e9 la loi frans\u00e9, zot i kontante in mariaj roliji\u00eb !<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1303\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1303\" style=\"width: 2000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-8b.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1303\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1303 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-8b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"3016\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-8b.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-8b-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-8b-768x1158.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-8b-679x1024.jpg 679w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1303\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">In l\u00e9str\u00e9 dann Journal de l&#8217;habitation de Desbassayns \u2013 samdi 17 juin 1865. Man\u00fcskri. <br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon Zarshiv D\u00e9partman La R\u00e9nyon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Bann zangaj\u00e9 n\u00e9na \u00e7ak zot la-gaingne ramass\u00e9, alorse zot i p\u00eb done zot bien zot zanfan.<br \/>\nSirtou bann zimigran n\u00e9na, par kontra, bann jour f\u00e9ri\u00e9 shom\u00e9 po pratike zot rolijion. I tien konte lo kalandri\u00e9 agrikol i \u00e9gziste dann dom\u00e8n s\u00fckri\u00e9 po rogroupe toute bann s\u00e9r\u00e9moni dan la fin mois d\u00e9ssanm, d\u00e9b\u00fc mois janvi\u00e9 kan l\u00fczine i ar\u00e8te. Bann zindien i f\u00e8te Pongol \u2014 dann zot p\u00e9\u00ef i marke lo d\u00e9b\u00fc la r\u00e9kolte de-riz\u2014 bann Zafrikin i f\u00e9 la f\u00e8t kaf.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1151\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1151\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-9.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1151\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1151 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-9.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-9-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1151\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pongol bann Zindien. D\u00e9ta\u00efy <em>Etablissement de sucrerie de Beaufonds<\/em>. Constant Az\u00e9ma. Lan\u00e9 1872. Foto.<br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon Zarshiv D\u00e9partman La R\u00e9nyon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Parlf\u00e8te lo statut j\u00fcridik langaj\u00e9 \u00e8k \u00e7at l\u00e9sklav l\u00e9 dif\u00e9ran akoz l\u00e9sklav l\u00e9 lobj\u00e9 son maitr\u2019, po \u00e7am\u00e8m l\u00fc poss\u00e8de pa rien, l\u00fc p\u00eb pa transm\u00e8te rien son famiy, m\u00e8m pa son nom akoz l\u00e9 pa la si\u00e8ne, la-ranplasse son nom par in sinp pr\u00e9nom ; jiska son rolijion l\u00e9 shanj\u00e9 parsk lo kristianism l\u00e9 obligatoir. L\u00fc gaingne pa d\u00e9fande al\u00fc dovan la j\u00fcstis, i fo in patron, in moun lib bien s\u00fcr, i ropr\u00e9zante al\u00fc, i koze po l\u00fc.<br \/>\nBann zangaj\u00e9 i trava\u00efye dann kondisyon fiks\u00e9 par lo d\u00e9kr\u00e9 27 mars lan\u00e9 1852 apartir, zot i gaingne pa n\u00e9gossi\u00e9 rien, kissoi la p\u00e8ye, kissoi la dur\u00e9 sinon\u00e7a lo bann kondisyon zot kontra. Po \u00e7a m\u00e8m zot trava\u00efy i tonbe pa dann bann prinssipe lo droi komin par rapor lo <em>louage de services<\/em> an-Franse, m\u00e9soman pl\u00fcto konm in l\u00e9sp\u00e8s salaria a-par, s\u00e9tadir <em>salariat contraint<\/em> sinon\u00e7a <em>salariat brid\u00e9<\/em><span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.5509704157334391\" aria-label=\"Kons\u00e8pt propoz\u00e9 par MOULIER BOUTANG Yann, De l\u2019esclavage au salariat, \u00e9conomie historique du salariat brid\u00e9, Paris, PUF, 1978, 975 p.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<br \/>\nLan\u00e9 2001, Sudel Fuma<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.9146522746088436\" aria-label=\"FUMA Sudel, \u00ab le servilisme \u00bb, dessi http:\/\/www.historun.com\/run\/Pub\/Le_servilisme.asp\">&nbsp;<\/span> la-propoze ranplasse \u00ab langajism \u00bb par \u00ab s\u00e8rvilism \u00bb po bien amontre lo kondisyon bann zafranshi fors\u00e9 angaje azot apr\u00e9 1848 \u00e8k \u00e7at bann trava\u00efy\u00ebr imigr\u00e9, tou\u00e7ala po bien amontre koman \u00ab bann trava\u00efy\u00ebr kons\u00e8rn\u00e9 l\u00e9 pa lib, zot l\u00e9 pri dann in syst\u00e8m, m\u00e9 soman po la loi zot l\u00e9 pa \u00e9sklav \u00bb. Kons\u00e8pt-la nav\u00e9 pwin d\u2019s\u00fcks\u00e9 m\u00e9 la bien amontre lo <em>caract\u00e8re dolosif des contrats<\/em>, t\u00e8l ke l\u00e9t\u00e9 po langajism afrikin \u00e8k malgash avan lan\u00e9 1860.<\/p>\n<p>Parlf\u00e8te, lo ralantisman bann flo depi Linde jiska La R\u00e9nyon la-pousse bann zangajiste rogarde pl\u00fcs par kot\u00e9 la kote Lafrik Lou\u00e8st. Lan\u00e9 1850, i fo bann Zafrikin rekr\u00fct\u00e9 la jam\u00e9 \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9sklav \u00e7ak i ap\u00e8le an-lib\u00e8rt\u00e9 pr\u00e9alab. \u00c9pila lan\u00e9 1857 apartir, i f\u00e9 p\u00fc sanblan, i rekr\u00fcte par rasha pr\u00e9alab : an-promi\u00e9 i ash\u00e8te bann z\u00e9sklav i arive dessi la kote, apr\u00e9\u00e7a i lib\u00e8re azot, po fini i angaje azot po 10 an a-mont\u00e9.<br \/>\nLan\u00e9 1858 lo gouv\u00e8rn\u00ebr Darricau i demande la vikont\u00e8sse Jurien dirije lo d\u00e8rni\u00e9 rekr\u00fctman Zanzibar : lo 28 oktob, dan la nuite, <em>le Pallas<\/em> i anbarke 200 Noir<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.0870166699872923\" aria-label=\"MAL\u00c9COT Georges, in Revue fran\u00e7aise d\u2019histoire d\u2019outre-mer, 1971, ne212, p. 279-353, \u00ab Les voyageurs fran\u00e7ais et les relations entre la France et l\u2019Abyssinie de 1835 \u00e0 1870 \u00bb, chapitre IV : Bourbon et l\u2019Abyssinie : les tentatives de recrutement de travailleurs \u2013 Le probl\u00e8me de la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre \u00e0 La R\u00e9union, p. 313.\">&nbsp;<\/span> m\u00e9soman n\u00e9na rienk la moiti\u00e9 i arive o-bout lo 16 d\u00e9sanm, l\u00e9zot l\u00e9 mor pandan lo voyaj.<br \/>\nPo otorize rekr\u00fctman bann Zindien, sitoyen britanik, po bann zil do-s\u00fck frans\u00e9, gouv\u00e8rnman angl\u00e9 Linde i oblije ar\u00e8te mani\u00e8r-f\u00e9-la, akoz i rossanbe tro la tr\u00e8te n\u00e9gri\u00e9. N\u00e9na pl\u00fcs 34 000 Zafrikin \u00e8k Malgash<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.086222986762159\" aria-label=\"CHAILLOUS-ATROUS Virginie, De l\u2019Afrique orientale \u00e0 l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien occidental-Histoire des engag\u00e9s africains \u00e0 La R\u00e9union au XIXe si\u00e8cle, t\u00e8z doktora, L\u00fcniversit\u00e9 Nantes, 2011, 2 vol\u00fcm, 621 p.\">&nbsp;<\/span> l\u00e9t\u00e9 angaj\u00e9 konm\u00e7a m\u00e8m.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1153\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1153\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-10.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1153\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1153 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-10.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-10-300x220.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1153\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Band\u2019 kaf (f\u00e8t). D\u00e9ta\u00efy Etablissement de sucrerie de Beaufonds. Constant Az\u00e9ma. Lan\u00e9 1872. Foto. <br \/>Kol\u00e9ksyon Zarshiv D\u00e9partman La R\u00e9nyon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>La ossi, bann zangaj\u00e9 i garde zot nom, i p\u00eb transm\u00e8te zot d\u00e9ssandan, \u00e9pila zot i p\u00eb pratike zot rolijion.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9t\u00fcde lo kondisyon d\u2019vie bann zangaj\u00e9 dann dom\u00e8n s\u00fckri\u00e9 i sorte dann toute kalit\u00e9 zarshiv. M\u00e9soman, la pl\u00fcpar bann z\u00e9kri dessi zangaj\u00e9, sirtou bann rapor, kissoi zarshiv la j\u00fcstis sinon\u00e7a bann konte-rand\u00fc komission zank\u00e8t, i amontre sirtou \u00e7ak i marshe pa bien dan lo sist\u00e8m. Mani\u00e8r-voir-la i anp\u00e8she kon\u00e8te po vr\u00e9man la vie toul\u00e9jour bann trava\u00efy\u00ebr. La pl\u00fcpar dok\u00fcman-la i amontre pl\u00fcto lo mov\u00e9 kot\u00e9 langajism \u00e9pila lo maliz\u00e9 bann zangaj\u00e9 dessi d\u00e9-s\u00e8rtin dom\u00e8n s\u00fckri\u00e9. I fo ankor bann z\u00e9t\u00fcd konparativ po kon\u00e8te si lo kondisyon d\u2019vie zangaj\u00e9 l\u00e9 vr\u00e9man dif\u00e9ran \u00e7at l\u00e9zot trava\u00efy\u00ebr, po kon\u00e8te lo poursantaj la populasyon angaj\u00e9 l\u00e9t\u00e9 viktim par rapor lo non-r\u00e9sp\u00e9 bann kontra<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.25650907597743056\" aria-label=\"Alorse lan\u00e9 1866 Sin-Pol, 2,8 % bann zangaj\u00e9 la-d\u00e9zert\u00e9 dapr\u00e9 bann rapor jendarmri, voir MARIMOUTOU Mich\u00e8le, Les engag\u00e9s du sucre, op.cit., p. 147. Po la pop\u00fclasyon, en 18 tan, MARQUI St\u00e9phanie la trouve 280 ka violans s\u00e9ks\u00fc\u00e8l. L\u00e9 mark\u00e9 dann Crime sexuels et homicides \u00e0 la R\u00e9union \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle, (s.d. COMBEAU Yvan, l\u00fcniversit\u00e9 La R\u00e9nyon, lan\u00e9 1999), i f\u00e9 15-16 ka par an. L\u00e9 difissil \u00e9stime la kantit\u00e9 viktim i porte pa plinte.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_1155\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1155\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-11.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1155\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1155 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"547\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-11.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-11-300x214.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1155\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">23, Distrib\u00fcsyon manj\u0117 po bann zangaj\u00e9 [La R\u00e9nyon]. Foto Chatel. 1900. Inpr\u00e8sssion fotom\u00e9kanik (zimaj lo livr\u2019) : n. &amp; b. Dann <em>Notice sur la R\u00e9union<\/em>, dir\u00e9kt\u00ebr l\u00e9kritur : A. G. Garsault, Paris : J. Andr\u00e9, 1900, pl. 23 \u00bb.<br \/>Kol\u00e9ksyon M\u00fcz\u00e9 Vill\u00e8le<\/figcaption><\/figure>D\u00e9pi lo komansman, la lib\u00e8rt\u00e9 langajman i p\u00eb \u00e9te pa vr\u00e9. Malgr\u00e9 la pl\u00fcpar bann Zindien volont\u00e8r l\u00e9 tro kontan par rapor lo r\u00e8v i propoze azot, bann pross\u00e9 konm \u00e7at De Souza lan\u00e9 1853 dann Karikal i amontre koman lanvi gaingn\u00e9 i p\u00eb am\u00e8ne bann d\u00e9voyman grave : par \u00e9gzanp nav\u00e9 bann j\u00e9n l\u00e9t\u00e9 kidnap\u00e9 \u00e9pila drogu\u00e9<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.6201488204780493\" aria-label=\"WEBER Jacques, \u00ab Les conventions de 1860 et 1861 sur l\u2019\u00e9migration indienne \u00bb dann Cahier des Anneaux de la M\u00e9moire, n\u00b02, Esclavage et engagisme dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an indien, Nantes 2000, p.128-168, p.141.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<br \/>\nBann zangaj\u00e9 i sorte dann bann zil Passifik i kon\u00e9 pa ditou ou\u00e7a i am\u00e8ne azot<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.47587818997514686\" aria-label=\"GERARD Gilles, \u00ab Engag\u00e9s ou esclaves ? L\u2019histoire de 66 Polyn\u00e9siens \u00e0 La R\u00e9union \u00bb, Journ\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9tudes sur l\u2019engagisme, Saint-Denis, novembre 2018, actes en cours d\u2019\u00e9dition. \">&nbsp;<\/span>. Tanka bann Vi\u00e9tnamien-angaj\u00e9 depi 1863 jiska 1866, zot l\u00e9 pl\u00fcto z\u00e9kzil\u00e9 politik<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.44825788356859464\" aria-label=\"Cak la d\u00e9bark\u00e9 rantr\u2019 lan\u00e9 1863 \u00e8k 1866, dapr\u00e9 VARGA Daniel, \u00ab Un engagisme vietnamien \u00e0 La R\u00e9union \u00bb, revue historique de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien, n\u00b03, AHIOI, 2007, p. 48-62.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. D\u2019ot lav\u00e9 in kontra \u00e8k bann kondisyon mant\u00ebr : lan\u00e9 1933, bann Rodrigu\u00e9 pa kontan parsk la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 zot vie l\u00e9 t\u00e9 pa ditou konm zot lav\u00e9 majin\u00e9, i shape \u00e8k lo bann kan, lo gouvern\u00ebr l\u00e9 oblij\u00e9 ranvoye azot dann zot p\u00e9\u00ef.<br \/>\nParlf\u00e8te, lo <em>coolie-trade<\/em>, s\u00e9tadir lo rekr\u00fctman \u00e8k lo transpor bann zangaj\u00e9, c\u00e9 in kom\u00e9rse vr\u00e9man rantab, li f\u00e9 la rish\u00e8s bann zarmat\u00ebr, bann sossi\u00e8t\u00e9 l\u00e9migrasyon \u00e8k limigrasyon, bann lajans rekr\u00fctman dan lo bann port lanbarkman, tou\u00e7ala\u2026<br \/>\nS\u00fcr plasse, n\u00e9na in bonp\u00e9 t\u00e9ks laloi. Anparmi, dan lo d\u00e9kr\u00e9 lo 13 f\u00e9vr\u00ef\u00e9 1852, l\u00e9 mark\u00e9 lo bann droi \u00e8k lo bann devoir bann zangaj\u00e9, \u00e7at bann zangajist, \u00e9pila i m\u00e8te an-plasse bann sindika po r\u00e9gle lo bann difik\u00fclt\u00e9. Malgr\u00e9 prot\u00e9ksyon-la, la k\u00e9stion lo non-p\u00e9yman sinon\u00e7a lo retar virman la p\u00e9ye, lo takon retenu pa tro-tro l\u00e9gal par d\u00e9-s\u00e8rtin zangajist, i arvien toultan. Depi bann zan\u00e9 1830, n\u00e9na bann plint po non virman la p\u00e8ye, po lo bann famiy dann Linde ; lan\u00e9 1877, lo rapor la komission int\u00e9rnasyonal, \u00e7at i analize la sit\u00fcasyon bann zangaj\u00e9 zindien, i amontre koman tou\u00e7a retenu l\u00e9gal-la, i koupe la p\u00e9ye \u00e9pila i oblije bann zangaj\u00e9 trava\u00efye dizon po rien<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.628639856448819\" aria-label=\"MARIMOUTOU Mich\u00e8le, op.cit., p.86 \u00e0 99.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. M\u00e9soman, si banna l\u00e9t\u00e9 dakor po angaje azot pandan 5-an, l\u00e9t\u00e9 sirtou po ramasse larzan po in m\u00e9y\u00ebr vie.<br \/>\nD\u2019in n\u2019ot kot\u00e9, lo bann zangaj\u00e9 i gaingne pa sirk\u00fcle konm zot i v\u00eb. Bann dom\u00e8n s\u00fckri\u00e8 n\u00e9na bann fronti\u00e8r i gaingne d\u00e9ssote rienk \u00e8k in lotoriazasyon lo maitr\u2019: c\u00e9 in dok\u00fcman \u00e9sp\u00e9ssial, in l\u00e9s\u00e9-pass\u00e9; san\u00e7a si i trouve in langaj\u00e9 an-d\u00e9or landroi l\u00fc trava\u00efye, i p\u00eb ar\u00e8te al\u00fc konm vagabon sinon\u00e7a d\u00e9z\u00e8rt\u00ebr \u00e9pila kondane al\u00fc. Bann kondanasyon i shanje en jour-trava\u00efy gratuite po f\u00e9 apr\u00e9 la fin lo kontra ; d\u2019in n\u2019ot kot\u00e9, shak labsanse, sof po k\u00e9l r\u00e9zon, l\u00e9 ranplasss\u00e9 par deu jour d\u2019trava\u00efy anpl\u00fcs.<br \/>\nBann kondisyon la vie bann zangaj\u00e9 l\u00e9 difissil, akoz na pwin liji\u00e8ne dan lo bann kan parsk na pwin ass\u00e9 fanm, anpl\u00fcs ke \u00e7a la kantit\u00e9 trava\u00efy i ogmante ankor dan la s\u00e9zon la koupe kane \u00e8k fabrikasyon do-s\u00fck.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1157\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1157\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-12.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1157\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1157 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-12.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-12.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-12-300x220.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1157\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kan trava\u00efy\u00ebr. D\u00e9ta\u00efy <em>Etablissement de sucrerie de Beaufonds<\/em>. Constant Az\u00e9ma. 1872. Foto.<br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon Zarshiv d\u00e9partmantal La R\u00e9nyon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>I pr\u00e9tan La R\u00e9nyon, langajism l\u00e9 moin atiran par rapor d\u2019ot kot\u00e9, m\u00e8m jiska la fin 19\u00e8m si\u00e8k. I \u00e9stime parla 25 % zangaj\u00e9 indien i mor dann lil, \u00e8k ossi 25 % zangaj\u00e9 rapatri\u00e9, souvand\u00e9foi c\u00e9 bann demoun l\u00e9 p\u00fc kapab trava\u00efye. Konm la koloni i v\u00eb p\u00fc prande azot an-sharj, i ram\u00e8ne azot dann zot port lanbarkman. Tanka bann zangaj\u00e9 afrikin la-arive apr\u00e9 lan\u00e9 1848, n\u00e9na jist 4,7 % la-artourn\u00e9<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.5455411404818997\" aria-label=\"CHAILLOU-ATROUS Virginie, op.cit., p.271.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<br \/>\nLo pl\u00fcpar bann Mozanbikin<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.5085888150326292\" aria-label=\"id., p.356 : 70 %.\">&nbsp;<\/span> la-arive la fin 19\u00e8m si\u00e8k, bann Shinoi lan\u00e9 1901 dessi <em>l\u2019Erica<\/em>, bann Malgash lan\u00e9 1922 \u00e9pila bann Rodrigu\u00e9 lan\u00e9 1933, toulp\u00e9 t\u00e9 i v\u00eb pa prolonje zot kontra.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1159\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1159\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-13.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-1159\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1159 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-13.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-13.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/fig-13-300x210.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1159\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rapatriman Zindien dessi <em>le Natal<\/em> lan\u00e9 1900 parla. Foto.<br \/>Kol\u00e8ksyon Zarshiv D\u00e9partman La R\u00e9nyon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Po cak i r\u00e9ste l\u00e0-m\u00e8m, si zot zanfan l\u00e9 n\u00e9 issi zot i p\u00eb rante frans\u00e9 dapr\u00e9 la loi 1889, po kite langagism i fo zot n\u00e9na in bon moralit\u00e9 \u00e9pila in kapassit\u00e9 vive par zot m\u00e8m \u2026 si inp\u00e9 zindien i profite lo d\u00e9koupaj bann gran t\u00e9rin po ash\u00e8te la t\u00e8r zot tour, bonp\u00e9 zangaj\u00e9 i kontinu\u00e9 trava\u00efye konm zouvri\u00e8 agrikol sinon\u00e7a konm kolon parti\u00e8r, \u00e8k in vie pl\u00fcto maliz\u00e9 jiska dann mili\u00eb 20\u00e8m si\u00e8k.<\/p>\n<p>Langajism l\u00e9 pa l\u00e9sklavaj : la loi Taubira lo 10 mai 2001, i di n\u00e9na rienk la tr\u00e8te n\u00e9gri\u00e9, dann bann loss\u00e9an Atlantik \u00e8k Indien, \u00e9pila l\u00e9sklavaj dann bann p\u00e9\u00ef zafrikin, am\u00e9rindien, malgash, zindien\u00bb, c\u00e9 in krim kontr&#8217; l\u00fcmanit\u00e9. M\u00e9soman, dann son lartik 4 \u00e8l i koze dessi bann kondisyon langajism. Parlf\u00e9te lo jour f\u00e9ri\u00e9 po kom\u00e9more labolisyon l\u00e9sklavaj l\u00e9 ossi po \u00ab la fin bann kontra langajman f\u00e9 apr\u00e8 labolisyon-la \u00bb<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.1709952303410769\" aria-label=\"Lartik 4 : kom\u00e9morasyon labolisyon l\u00e9sklavaj par la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise \u00e9pila \u00e7at la fin tout lo bann kontra langajman f\u00e9 apr\u00e9 labolisyon-la, l\u00e9 mark\u00e9 par in journ\u00e9 f\u00e9ri\u00e9 dann bann d\u00e9partmant Gwadloup, Gwiyan, Martinik \u00e8k La R\u00e9nyon, par\u00e8y po la kol\u00e9ktivit\u00e9 t\u00e9ritorial Mayote.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Zordi na pwin person i konsid\u00e9re lo 10 mai nasyonal \u00e8k lo 20 d\u00e9sanm lokal, par rapor la fin langajman sou-kontra.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":15058,"parent":8717,"menu_order":1,"template":"","class_list":["post-15057","documentaire","type-documentaire","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire\/15057","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/documentaire"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire\/8717"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15058"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15057"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}