{"id":9532,"date":"2022-12-16T05:00:27","date_gmt":"2022-12-16T04:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/?post_type=documentaire&#038;p=9532"},"modified":"2023-09-20T09:26:22","modified_gmt":"2023-09-20T07:26:22","slug":"la-famille-desbassayns-dans-leconomie-sucriere-a-bourbon","status":"publish","type":"documentaire","link":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/documentaires\/sossiete-de-plantasyon\/bann-gran-planter\/la-famille-desbassayns-dans-leconomie-sucriere-a-bourbon\/","title":{"rendered":"La famiy Desbassayns dann l\u00e9konomi do-sik Lil Bourbon"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Lid\u00e9 d&#8217; l\u00e9konomi d&#8217; <em>plantation<\/em>-la \u2013 l\u00e9 drol m\u00e9-soman, en m\u00e8m tan l\u00e9 p\u00e9rim\u00e9, en m\u00e8m tan i ans\u00e8rve toul\u00e9jour, dann bann koloni frans\u00e9, sirtou Bourbon.<\/h2>\n<div style=\"width: 525px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-9532-1\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/poster_geraud.jpg\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/geraud_creole_sub.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/geraud_creole_sub.mp4\">https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/geraud_creole_sub.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Lo mo angl\u00e9 <em>plantation<\/em> i v\u00e9 dire, en frans\u00e9, <em>habitation<\/em>, soman la-\u00e9larji ali ator dann toute lanpir kolonial frans\u00e9 lo 17\u00e8m-19\u00e8m si\u00e8k : li la-pran la plasse lo mo <em>habitation<\/em> po koze dessi bann l\u00e9sploitasyon agrikol tropikal ke la-d\u00fcre, pl\u00fczoumoin lo m\u00e8m koupe de tan ke lo sist\u00e8m l\u00e9sklavaj<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7132732000485376\" aria-label=\"Maurice Burac et Danielle B\u00e9got (\u2020), L\u2019Habitation\/plantation. H\u00e9ritages et mutations. Cara\u00efbe-Am\u00e9rique. Paris : Karthala, 2011, 492 p.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<br \/>\nAugustin Cochin t\u00e9 i done lo d\u00e9finisyon po bann <em>plantation<\/em>-la : \u00ab in bann jol san m\u00fcr, in bann fabrik monstr\u00e9 ke t\u00e9 i produi taba, kaf\u00e9, do-sik, ke t\u00e9 i konsome z\u00e9sklav \u00bb<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.9091460577294981\" aria-label=\"Augustin Cochin L'Abolition de l'esclavage, 2 vols. Paris : Lecoffre et Guillaumin, 1861.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7a bann z\u00e9konomisse \u00e8k sossiolog marxisse, antikolonialisse la-invante lo kons\u00e8p &#8220;l\u00e9konomi d&#8217; <em>plantation<\/em>&#8220;. In kons\u00e8p po \u00e9splike in mod\u00e8l sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e8k son l\u00e9konomi ke la-m\u00e8te en plasse, dann &#8220;tan mod\u00e8rn&#8221;, in sist\u00e9m l\u00e9sploitasyon kapitalist po bann p\u00e9i kolonial tropikal. In l\u00e9konomi, in sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 ke t\u00e9 i marshe rienk par l\u00e9sklavaj. Ce &#8220;l\u00e9konomi d&#8217; <em>plantation<\/em>&#8220;-la (1540-1804) i d\u00e9vlope dan lo monde kolonial, li tonbe konm lo promi\u00e9 mod\u00e9l kapitalism kom\u00e8rsan mondial. Lo kapitalism ind\u00fcstri\u00e8l (1750\u22121975), tankali, l\u00e9t\u00e9 pl\u00fcs dann bann p\u00e9i \u00ab lo nor \u00bb, kissoi L\u00e9rop, Lam\u00e9rik, sinonsa in boute L&#8217;Azi.<\/p>\n<p>Lo sist\u00e8m <em>plantation<\/em> \u00e7a in &#8220;r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sossial global&#8221;. Dabor-inn par lorganizasyon la t\u00e8r (gran-gran z\u00e9sploitasyon agrikol ke t\u00e9 i pran plizanpl\u00fcs dir\u00e9ksyon la monok\u00fcltir), apr\u00e9la par lorganizasyon ind\u00fcstri\u00e8l (prod\u00fcksyon po l\u00e9sportasyon po la m\u00e9tropol). \u00c7a i am\u00e8ne in l\u00e9konomi totalman may\u00e9 \u00e8k lo ron la finanse, k&#8217;i marshe \u00e8k land\u00e8tman plizanpl\u00fcs for bann plant\u00ebr, ke bann pr\u00e9t\u00ebr \u00e8k gro n\u00e9gossian t\u00e9 i kontrole plizanpl\u00fcs. L\u00e9konomi-la i marshe ansanm in lorganizasyon sossial apik \u2014 \u00ab lo gro plant\u00ebr latifindiste anl\u00e8r, z\u00e9sklav afrikin anba \u00bb<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.44212321457327763\" aria-label=\"Jacques Forster, King sugar. Naissance et expansion de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de plantation dans les cara\u00efbes, Le village pi\u00e9g\u00e9, Urbanisation et agro-industrie sucri\u00e8re en C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, dir. Cahiers de l\u2019IUED. Gen\u00e8ve : Graduate Institute Publications, 1978, 366 p., p. 309-329.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.\u00a0Dann sist\u00e8m \u00e9sklavajist, \u00e9pila post-\u00e9sklavajist, lo r\u00e8gn bann gran dom\u00e8n-la i marshe ossi, sanm lo d\u00e9vlopman lo t\u00e9ori \u00e9tnik (t\u00e9 i di \u00ab rassial \u00bb dann tan-la). Lo z\u00e9sklav <em>plantation<\/em>, ke promi\u00e9 d\u00e9b\u00fc t\u00e9 i arive par la tr\u00e8te, t\u00e9 par\u00e8y in prol\u00e9t\u00e8r, in travay\u00ebr domin\u00e9, apark li nav\u00e9 poin kissoi libert\u00e9, kissoi sal\u00e8r fin-d\u2019mois\u2026 Dann <em>plantation\/habitation<\/em> m\u00e8m la-komanse lo d\u00e9vlopman lo prol\u00e9tarya, \u00e8k linvansyon lo mani\u00e8r kontrol prol\u00e9tarya-la. Lo promi\u00e9 klasse ouvri\u00e8r l\u00e9 noir. Lo sist\u00e8m <em>plantation\/habitation<\/em> \u00e7a lo mod\u00e8l po lo fabrik.<br \/>\nL\u00ebrk 18\u00e8m si\u00e9k t\u00e9 pa loin fini, la-komanse arvnir dessi sist\u00e8m-la, por\u00e9zon la moral, ossi por\u00e9zon l\u00e9konomi. Labolisyon l\u00e9sklavaz i devr\u00e9 am\u00e8ne in mod\u00e8rnizasyon lo plantasyon kolonial, par l\u00fctilizasyon bann mashine, par lo d\u00e9vlopman in sist\u00e8m sal\u00e8r po done in pl\u00fcs m\u00e9y\u00ebr randman. Sinpleman, i fo trouve in mani\u00e9r po bien kontrole bann travay\u00ebr p\u00e9y\u00e9-la.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Promi\u00e9 d\u00e9b\u00fc, dabit\u00fcde, lo mo angl\u00e9 <em>plantation<\/em> t\u00e9 i v\u00e9 dire linstalasyon bann kolon l\u2019ot kot\u00e9 la m\u00e8r, ninporte \u00e7ak la t\u00e8r i repr\u00e9zante po zot, ninporte la mani\u00e8r zot i \u00e9sploite la t\u00e9r-la. Apr\u00e9la li t\u00e9 i v\u00e9 dire lo gran l\u00e9sploitasyon agrikol kolonial. T\u00e9 i ans\u00e8rve mo-la po bann l\u00e9sploitasyon am\u00e9rikin, l\u00ebrk bann propri\u00e9t\u00e8r, dann zot kroyanse prot\u00e9stan, t\u00e9 i majine ke Bondi\u00e9 m\u00e8m la-done azot la rish\u00e8sse, akoz zot t\u00e9 i m\u00e9rite, kanm\u00e8m si zot t\u00e9 i f\u00e9 z\u00e9sklav \u00e8k d\u2019ot moun.<br \/>\nDann sist\u00e9m kolonial frans\u00e9, sirtou dann Bourbon \u2014 lopoz\u00e9 l\u00fcniv\u00e8r angl\u00e9-am\u00e9rikin \u2014 bann promi\u00e9 <em>habitants-exploitants<\/em>, tan-k\u2019azot, t\u00e9 i majine zot i doi pa rien, kissoi la m\u00e9tropol, kissoi Bondi\u00e9. Zot n\u00e9na sirtou in for santiman zot m\u00e8m propri\u00e9t\u00e8r, in for santiman zot lidantit\u00e9. Zot i tashe mani\u00e8r shape la ma\u00efy lo kontrol la <em>Compagnie des Indes<\/em>, \u00e9skive son bann gob, konm di kr\u00e9ol \u2026<\/p>\n<p>Lo mo frans\u00e9 <em>plantation<\/em>, l\u00e9 vr\u00e9, i ans\u00e8rve jist po di kan i plante in naf\u00e9r dan la t\u00e9r. Parlf\u00e8te, la paire vokab\u00fcl\u00e8r <em>habitation\/plantation<\/em>, na rienk lo frans\u00e9 i ans\u00e8rve \u00e7a. En frans\u00e9, m\u00e8te lo deu mo-la ansanm i s\u00fcpoze ke la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 <em>l\u2019habitation<\/em>, s\u00e9tadir al\u00e9 vive dessi in t\u00e8r loin-loin m\u00e8m lo pouvoir absol\u00fc \u2013 pouvoir-la t\u00e9 i anf\u00e9rme bann fou dann lazil, bann vaniki dann lospisse, t\u00e9 i borde bann prot\u00e9stan par lan\u00fclasyon l\u2019<em>\u00c9dit de Nantes<\/em>, t\u00e9 i kraze bann z\u00e9sklav par lo <em>Code noir<\/em> (2 loi lan\u00e9 1685) \u2013 la-vni en promi\u00e9. Parlf\u00e8te r\u00e9alit\u00e9 <em>l\u2019habitation<\/em> la-arive avan la k\u00fcltir ninport\u00e9k\u00e8l produi agrikol po \u00e9sporte po inn m\u00e9tropol, in l\u00e9konomi k\u2019i argarde rienk m\u00e9tropol-la depi komansman. Dann Bourbon, in p\u00e9 moins dann l\u00e9zot koloni frans\u00e9, lo k\u00ebr lo p\u00e8pl\u00e9man konm l\u00e9sploitasyon agrikol \u00e8k la k\u00fcltir, \u00e7a <em>l\u2019habitation<\/em> m\u00e8m.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00ebrk la kolonizasyon la-d\u00e9mar\u00e9, lo noiyo sossial de baz l\u00e9t\u00e9 sirman bann promi\u00e9 pti kaz provizoir. \u00c7a t\u00e9 i kor\u00e9sponde \u00e8k in promi\u00e9 mani\u00e8r vive dann in l\u00e9konomi d&#8217; pr\u00e9dasyon. Lo pti kaz-la t\u00e9 in boukan, in lajoupa sinonsa in kay\u00e8n. M\u00e9-soman l\u00ebrk in lotorit\u00e9 atitr\u00e9 la-ariv\u00e9 \u2013 la <em>Compagnie des Indes<\/em>, apr\u00e9\u00e7a l\u2019<em>Administration Royale<\/em> (lan\u00e9 1767) \u2013 la-komanse partaje bann kons\u00e9syon \u00e8k lobligasyon d\u00e9frish\u00e9, \u00e9pila r\u00e8ste dessi (<em>Ordonnance royale de Marly<\/em>, lan\u00e9 1713).<br \/>\nApartir, dann loss\u00e9an Indien konm dann Latlantik, va ans\u00e8rve lo mo <em>habitation<\/em> po d\u00e9zigne l\u00fcnit\u00e9 l\u00e9shanj, prod\u00fcksyon, kom\u00fcnikasyon la sivilizasyon kr\u00e9ol. Ce promi\u00e9 <em>l&#8217;habitation<\/em> primitif-la, \u00e7a in sist\u00e8m rorganiz\u00e9, kalk\u00fcl\u00e9 po ansorte ali par li m\u00e9m. In kot\u00e9, n\u00e9na lanplasman ou\u00e7a i trouve la kaz lo kolon \u00e8k lo bann d\u00e9pandanse : po la vie toul\u00e9jour (kuizine, r\u00e9z\u00e8rv manj\u00e9), po la prod\u00fcksyon (magazin \u00e9k langar, \u00e9pila \u2013 jist dann maskar\u00e9gn \u2013 largamasse po kaf\u00e9) ; l&#8217;ot kot\u00e9 n\u00e9na lo bann kaz z\u00e9sklav. Kost\u00e9 sanm lo bann kaz, n\u00e9na lo zardin\/verj\u00e9 po produi \u00e7ak na bezoin po manj\u00e9. Pl\u00fcs loin, n\u00e9na la savane ou\u00e7a zanimo i manje, lo bann karo-dboi, bann t\u00e9rin en frish. La mani\u00e9r d\u00e9koupe la t\u00e9r depi bordaj la m\u00e8r (du battant des lames) jiska la t\u00eate piton (au sommet des montagnes), i f\u00e9 k\u2019 t\u00e9 pl\u00fcs fassil am\u00e9ne lo prodiksyon jiska la kote. Akoz \u00e7a m\u00e8m l\u00e9sploitasyon t\u00e9 vir\u00e9 kot\u00e9 la m\u00e8r, parlf\u00e8te li t\u00e9 i amontre bien son gat\u00fcr \u00e9k la France. Dessi lo pars\u00e9l d\u00e9frish\u00e9, i komanse monte in kalit\u00e9 kaz f\u00e9 po bann plant\u00ebr r\u00e8ste la-m\u00e8m. \u00c7a la kaz R\u00e9gnault en pi\u00e8sse de-boi kar\u00e9 ; mod\u00e8l kaz-la i fane partou : lan\u00e9 1672 n\u00e9na d\u00e9ja 15-20. T\u00e9 monte bann kaz-la en boi-kar\u00e9, en plansh \u00e9p\u00e9 : dessi, in toit en bardo sansa en f\u00eby palmisse ; dessou, in soubasman en gal\u00e9 ; an-d&#8217;dan, la t\u00e8r dam\u00e9.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_159\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-159\" style=\"width: 374px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-1-case-de-bois-equarri.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"taille-initiale wp-image-159 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-1-case-de-bois-equarri.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"374\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-1-case-de-bois-equarri.jpg 374w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-1-case-de-bois-equarri-265x300.jpg 265w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 374px) 100vw, 374px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-159\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ti kaz en boi koush\u00e9. D\u00e9ta\u00efy <em>Le Manchy : paysage des environs de Saint-Paul<\/em>. <br \/>Louis Antoine Roussin. 2\u00e8m moiti\u00e9 19\u00e8m si\u00e8k. Litografi. <br \/>M\u00fcz\u00e9 Vill\u00e8le.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Dapr\u00e9 \u00e7ak Antoine Boucher la-rakont\u00e9 (1720), \u00ab si la kaz t\u00e9 in p\u00e9 gran, t\u00e9 i fo koupe omoins 7\/800 pi\u00e9 palmisse po kouv\u00e8r ali \u00bb. Bann sharpanti\u00e9 t\u00e9 i sorte dann pl\u00fczi\u00ebr r\u00e9jion la France, zot t\u00e9 f\u00e9 lo bann kaz en boi p\u00e9i. Zot t\u00e9 pran inp\u00e9 mod\u00e9l dessi \u00e7ak t\u00e9 i f\u00e9 par kot\u00e9 Fort-Dauphin, Madagascar. Ce bann kaz-la t\u00e9 i gaingne d\u00e9mont\u00e9-romont\u00e9 in ot landroi kan lav\u00e9 bezoin. Dann lan\u00e9 1738, l\u00ebrk Mah\u00e9 de La Bourdonnais i tire la kapital Sin-Pol po m\u00e8te Sin-Dni, nav\u00e9 par-la 100 kaz, toute en boi, apark \u00e7at lo gouv\u00e8rn\u00ebr, \u00e8k d\u00e9troi zot ankor, t\u00e9 bati en d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Dann d\u00e9zi\u00e8m moiti\u00e9 XVIII\u00e9m si\u00e9k, lo mod\u00e9l <em>l&#8217;habitation<\/em> i shanje akoz la <em>Compagnie des Indes<\/em> i oblije plante kaf\u00e9. Mois d&#8217;aout 1735, in rossansman demoun i vive dan lo katr karti\u00e9 (Sin-Pol, Sin-Dni, Sinte-Sizane, Sin-Lwi), i done in total 1873 Blan \u00e8k 430 propri\u00e9t\u00e8r. Dan lo 430 propri\u00e9t\u00e8r, 347 i k\u00fcltive la t\u00e8r po vr\u00e9man. Zot nav\u00e9 7664 z\u00e9sklav ; \u00e7a i f\u00e9 17,8 z\u00e8sklav par propri\u00e9t\u00e8r. La sirfasse plant\u00e9 po vr\u00e9man l\u00e9 f\u00e8b : 12,87 z\u00e9ktar Sin-Pol, 10,61 Sin-Dni, 10,87 Sinte-Sizane, 4,16 Sin-Lwi ! Dan lo 347 k\u00fcltivat\u00ebr-la, 95% (329) i plante kaf\u00e9 \u00e8k \u00e7at i fo po manj\u00e9. Dann tan-la na poin monok\u00fcltir. Nou va trouve \u00e7a in si\u00e8k pl\u00fcs dvan l\u00ebrk va komanse plante kann.<\/p>\n<p>Lo mod\u00e9l ke la <em>Compagnie des Indes<\/em> i oblije suive, i forse agrandir f\u00fcramezir lo bann s\u00fcrfasse plant\u00e9 en kaf\u00e9 \u00e8k d&#8217;ot k\u00fcltir, \u00e9pila lo transportasyon z\u00e9sklav plizanpl\u00fcs rapide. Rantr&#8217; 1729 \u00e8k 1733, la-f\u00e9 d\u00e9barke Bourbon pa-loin 35000 z\u00e9sklav. Bourbon ossi, par\u00e9y toute l\u00e9zot zil, i marshe konm in pi\u00e9j z\u00e9sklav<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7918569746287698\" aria-label=\"Claude Mazet, L\u2019\u00eele Bourbon en 1735 : les hommes, la terre, le caf\u00e9 et les vivres, dans Fragments pour une histoire des \u00e9conomies et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de plantation \u00e0 La R\u00e9union, Cl. Wanquet dir. Saint-Andr\u00e9 : Graphica\/Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, 1989, 350 p., p. 17-54.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Rantr&#8217; 329 plant\u00ebr kaf\u00e9, 116 n\u00e9na pl\u00fcs 20 z\u00e9sklav. 1735 apartir, la plipar plantasyon kaf\u00e9 l\u00e9 dan la min in pti kantit\u00e9 gro plant\u00ebr : 6% prodikt\u00ebr i f\u00e9 par-la 48% lo total. Zot i ans\u00e8rve apepr\u00e9 58 z\u00e9sklav par <em>habitation<\/em>. F\u00fcramezir, bann <em>habitations caf\u00e9i\u00e8res<\/em> i suive plizanpl\u00fcs lo mod\u00e8l in l\u00e9konomi d&#8217; <em>plantation <\/em>: in bonp\u00e9 gran-gran dom\u00e8n ; in min-d\u00e9v fors\u00e9, gratuite ; in prodiksyon po l\u00e9sportasyon, garanti ; in pti pongn\u00e9 plant\u00ebr \u00e9k zot kor\u00e9spondan en M\u00e9tropol ; in klasse sossial \u00e8k in gran pouvoir politik, anl\u00e8r dan la sossi\u00e9t\u00e9<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.9749402860780514\" aria-label=\"George L. Beckford, Persistent Poverty, underdevelopment in plantation economies of the Third World. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1972, 307 p.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. La <em>Compagnie des Indes<\/em> i tourne par\u00e9y in lantropriz linportasyon-l\u00e9sportasyon, konm in bank ossi. Lo moun \u2013 plant\u00ebr en m\u00e8m tan vand\u00ebr d&#8217; kaf\u00e9 \u2013 l\u00e9 oblij\u00e9 ash\u00e8te lo marshandiz ke la Compagnie i inporte, konm anpr\u00e9te larjan sanm li. N&#8217;i komanse rantre dann in sist\u00e8m kom\u00e8rsial kapitalist \u00e8k lintansyon f\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9fisse en promi\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e9-soman dann Bourbon l\u00e9 pa par\u00e9y dann Kara\u00efb, akoz bann <em>habitations<\/em> la-pa jam\u00e9 rekouv\u00e8r toute lo t\u00e9ritoir, la-pa jam\u00e9 domine an-plin la sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 non-pl\u00fcs. Dan l\u00e9-O, nana bonp\u00e9 landroi persone la-pankor al\u00e9, la nat\u00fcr vi\u00e8rj l\u00e9 jist kot\u00e9 demoun, i d\u00e9sann dan l\u00e9-Ba par \u00ab la pente des ravines\/O\u00f9 l\u2019onde et les oiseaux confondaient leurs chansons \u00bb<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.3188020145546975\" aria-label=\"Auguste Lacaussade, Po\u00e8mes et Paysages, XLVI. Souvenirs d\u2019enfance. Paris : A. Lemerre, 1897 (1852).\">&nbsp;<\/span>, li s\u00e9pare lo bann pars\u00e9l plant\u00e9 \u00e9k son nat\u00fcr sovaj\u2026 Kan bann z\u00e9krivin\/po\u00e9t konm Lacaussade, Sand, Leconte de Lisle, Adrien de Gaudemar, Pooka (alias Alphonse Gaud), i vante la ravine Bernica, \u00e7a i amontre bien parkoman ce lil tropikal sovaj-la i niabou r\u00e9zist\u00e9 dovan lo vorassit\u00e9 la <em>plantation<\/em>&#8230;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5265\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5265\" style=\"width: 514px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.2-Ravine-Bernica-Le-Roy2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"taille-initiale wp-image-5265 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.2-Ravine-Bernica-Le-Roy2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"514\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.2-Ravine-Bernica-Le-Roy2.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.2-Ravine-Bernica-Le-Roy2-220x300.jpg 220w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 514px) 100vw, 514px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5265\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">B\u00e8rnika, Lil Bourbon. Adolphe Le Roy. 1884. Pint\u00fcr luil dessi toil. <br \/>M\u00fcz\u00e9 L\u00e9on Dierx.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In ot zaf\u00e9r ossi l\u00e9 pa par\u00e9y d&#8217;ot landroi : Bourbon, lo maitr&#8217; i r\u00e8ste s\u00fcr plasse, dessi <em>l&#8217;habitation<\/em>. Li komande toute, m\u00e9-soman li vive kot\u00e9 son z\u00e9sklav. Dann Lam\u00e9rik lo maitr&#8217; na poin relasyon ditou \u00e9k son z\u00e9sklav, toute i passe par in j\u00e9r\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<p>Lo propri\u00e9t\u00e8r ke la-gaingne la rish\u00e9sse par l\u00e9sploitasyon lo kaf\u00e9, son pouvoir \u00e9k son r\u00e9p\u00fctasyon, li t\u00e9 amontre \u00e7a, sinbolikman, par son kaz, <em>sa case<\/em>. 18\u00e8m si\u00e9k, \u00e8k lo d\u00e9vlopman larshit\u00e9kt\u00fcr kr\u00e9ol, la <em>maison<\/em>\u00a0lo maitr&#8217;, va ap\u00e8le ali grann-kaz sansa <em>maison principale<\/em>. T\u00e9 i di pa <em>maison<\/em> de ma\u00eetre, akoz \u00e7a t\u00e9 i f\u00e9 majine tro lo relasyon lo maitr&#8217; \u00e8k son z\u00e9sklav.<\/p>\n<p>Sanm lo d\u00e9vlopman lo kom\u00e8rse kaf\u00e9, la kaz l\u00e9 plizanpl\u00fcs gran, plizanpl\u00fcs zoli. \u00c7at lo po\u00e8te Bertin, Sinte-Sizane, l\u00e9 bati dessi in b\u00e8l soubasman en rosh, dessou in zoli toit en bardo \u00e8k f\u00e9n\u00e8te en <em>chien-assis<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_163\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-163\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-3-case-bertin.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-163 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-3-case-bertin.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"630\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-3-case-bertin.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-3-case-bertin-300x215.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-163\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">La kaz ou\u00e7a lo fonk\u00e9z\u00e8r Bertin l\u00e9 n\u00e9. Karti\u00e9 Sinte-S\u00fczane. Louis Antoine Roussin. 1863. Litografi. <br \/>M\u00fcz\u00e9 L\u00e9on Dierx.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Henri-Paulin Panon Desbassayns (1732-1800), i repr\u00e9zante bien bann gro plant\u00ebr rish. Li t\u00e9 lo pti-zanfan Augustin Panon (1664-1749) ke la-arive Bourbon lan\u00e9 1689.<\/p>\n<p>Pa-sito lan\u00e9 1761, Henri-Paulin i amontre son rish\u00e8sse par la konstriksyon troi gran-kaz kaziman par\u00e9y, pa en boi konm dan la tradisyon kr\u00e9ol l\u00e9pok, m\u00e9-soman en d\u00fcr po anbare siklone (&#8220;kou-d&#8217; van&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>Ce limaj batiss\u00ebr-la la-r\u00e8ste lontan dan la t\u00eate demoun Bourbon, li marshe bien \u00e8k laksyon in boug i rovandike in vr\u00e9 lidantit\u00e9 kr\u00e9ol : ali m\u00e8m t\u00e9 i di konmsa li l\u00e9 <em>\u00e9tranger<\/em>\u00a0en France ; li di pa rien l\u00ebrk i kriye ali\u00a0<em>l\u2019Africain<\/em>. An-m\u00e8m-tan, konm l\u00e9zot famiy dominan Bourbon, li la-f\u00e9 son shomin grace in bonp\u00e9 lantouraj, m\u00e9-soman po li, \u00e7a t\u00e9 in d\u00e9gr\u00e9 pl\u00fcs sip\u00e8ry\u00ebr ankor. Daborinn, lo bann zofissi\u00e9 lo roi li t\u00e9 i fr\u00e9kante kan li t\u00e9 f\u00e9 larm\u00e9 dann Linde : Guy L\u00e9onard de Bellecombe, promi\u00e9 gouv\u00e8rn\u00ebr La R\u00e9nyon dan-l&#8217;tan Pierre Poivre, Joseph Ferdinand Anasthase de Boistel, Claude Joseph Guignard de La Bioli\u00e8re, Louis Alexis Grillot de Poilly, Pierre Elie Fran\u00e7ois Josset de La Parenterie, Antoine de Mellis, Beno\u00eet Mottet de La Fontaine, lo baron Saint-Mart, Thomas de Conway \u2013 toute lo bann zofissi\u00e9 ke Desbassayns la-rotrouve lo deu fois li la-parti Paris<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.40725648468889997\" aria-label=\"Herv\u00e9 Perret, Une communaut\u00e9 de l'Oc\u00e9an Indien \u00e0 Paris au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, le monde d'Henry Paulin Panon Desbassayns : tentative d'expression d'un r\u00e9seau\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Apr\u00e9\u00e7a, lo bann lantouraj demoun la bank prot\u00e9stan ke t\u00e9 i plasse in bann dir\u00e9kt\u00ebr la <em>Compagnie des Indes<\/em>, ke te i apuiye lo zint\u00e9r\u00e9 bann <em>Huguenots<\/em> kissoi dann p\u00e9i lo nor L\u00e9rop, kissoi dann finfon Linde, finfon la Shine jiska. Son bann relasyon sanm Louis Julien, son banki\u00e9, li m\u00e8m assossi\u00e9 \u00e8k Jacques Rilliet \u2013 propri\u00e9t\u00e8r in bann bank Paris, la Suisse \u2013 i amontre \u00e7a bien. Par\u00e8y po son bann relasyon \u00e8k bann Admyrauld ossi, zot m\u00e8m may\u00e9 afon dann kom\u00e8rse kolonial, sirtou trafik z\u00e9sklav. Son bann d\u00e9plasman dann bann provinse en France i agrandi lo r\u00e9zo Louis Julien, kan li rankonte daborinn Lacombe, kor\u00e9spondan dan la ville Revel \u2013 in landroi ou\u00e7a bann huguenots n\u00e9na zot gro zint\u00e9r\u00e9 \u2013 \u00e9pila Lys \u00e8k Johnston, deu banki\u00e9 prot\u00e9stan Bordeaux. Li porte in bann <em>lettres de change<\/em> po bann-la : \u00e7a i prouve la forse bann sirkui larjan n\u00e9na rantr&#8217; Bourbon \u00e8k lo kom\u00e8rse kolonial ke Gen\u00e8ve, Londe sansa G\u00e8ne \u00e8k toute bann plasse maritime t\u00e9 i f\u00e9, par Paris. Po fini, li t\u00e9 dann r\u00e9zo bann Fran-masson. \u00c7a i prouve la maturit\u00e9 sossial, politik bann loj masson-la ke t\u00e9 i am\u00e8ne in kosmopolitism rantr\u2019 zot gro kom\u00e8rsan, k\u00fcltivat\u00ebr, famiy, sinonsa zadministrat\u00ebr \u2014 m\u00e9-soman t\u00e9 i \u00e9vite bann <em>libres de couleur<\/em> dann tanpl-la. D\u2019in ot kot\u00e9, i trouve pa lo nom Henri Panon dann bann loj Fran-masson kissoi La R\u00e9nyon, kissoi Moris. Dapr\u00e9 \u00e7ak li di, li la-passe lo grade Fran-masson \u00e9koss\u00e9 <em>Rose Croix<\/em> lo 26 jili\u00e9 1792. Apr\u00e9\u00e7a li la-gaingne lo grade ofissi\u00e9 dann <em>Grand Orient<\/em> lo 23 aout m\u00e8m lan\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Bann gat\u00fcr-la i liane ossi dan lo groupe sossial ke la-forme otour la famiy Henri Panon : bann famiy Varnier de La Gironde, Grayell, de Lanux, Leger, de La Selle, de La Bioli\u00e8re, Routier de Grandval, Delaunay, i sorte kissoi lil Bourbon, kissoi lil Moris. Famiy-la l\u00e9 solid\u00e8r po f\u00e9 avanse zot zint\u00e9r\u00e9. Son rantr\u00e9 dann bann gran r\u00e9zo puissan-la i \u00e9splike parkoman in solda ke la-vni plant\u00ebr, la-fine par gaingne la puissanse \u00e9k lo pouvoir. Jam\u00e9 li t\u00e9 gaingne f\u00e9 \u00e7a li tou-s\u00ebl : la t\u00e9r l\u00e9t\u00e9 pa lo prinsipal po am\u00e8ne ali dann son prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9-la, l\u00e9 pa l\u00e9sklavaz non pl\u00fcs.Toute ce bann mayaj zint\u00e9r\u00e9-la kissoi finansi\u00e9, roliji\u00e9, k\u00fcltir\u00e8l, frat\u00e8rn\u00e8l \u2014 toute \u00e7a i tourne otour la <em>Compagnie des Indes<\/em> \u2014 la-pa d\u00e9fande Henri Panon afirme son lidantit\u00e9 kr\u00e9ol. Dessi la fin 18\u00e8m si\u00e9k, dann loss\u00e9an Indien, l\u00e9lite blan l\u00e9 par\u00e9 po rantre au pouvoir, n\u00e9na lanvi assire in rol politik. S\u00e9pa si la R\u00e9volisyon \u00e8k son bann Lassanbl\u00e9 kolonial va gaingne done la kl\u00e9 po f\u00e9 avanse la lib\u00e9rasyon bann kominot\u00e9 ke lo pouvoir kolonial domin\u00ebr i \u00e9toufe ankor ?<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Bann plant\u00ebr kaf\u00e9 i rankonte gro probl\u00e9m : kaf\u00e9 i vande pi bien, n\u00e9na la konkiranse Zantiy\u00e9, lo pri i b\u00e8sse, bann zabitan l\u00e9 and\u00e9t\u00e9 sinonsa ruin\u00e9. Lan\u00e9 1775, i r\u00e8ste jist 2,5% <em>habitations caf\u00e9i\u00e8res<\/em> n\u00e9na pl\u00fcs 100 l\u00e9ktar. 19\u00e8m si\u00e8k dann Bourbon, m\u00e8m si n\u00e9na in kat\u00e9gori gro plant\u00ebr (kaf\u00e9, zirof, koton : 10% propri\u00e9t\u00e8r n\u00e9na 90% lo total z\u00e9sklav), zot lavnir \u00e9konomik l\u00e9 pa s\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e9-soman zot va profite la R\u00e9volisyon po rantre dan la politik. S\u00e9 zot i komande lo promi\u00e9 konm lo derni\u00e9 lassanbl\u00e9 kolonial, kan-m\u00e8m si, dann tan bann zakobin, i disk\u00fcte zot dominasyon. Boudikonte, dann tan la R\u00e9volisyon, lo bann zid\u00e9 la sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 kolonial va inflianse in bonp\u00e9 lid\u00e9oloji nassional. L\u00e9 vr\u00e9 ke dann in f\u00e8yton san-fin, depi mois d\u2019f\u00e9vri\u00e9 1799 jiska d\u00e9ssanm 1800, inp\u00e9 gro plant\u00ebr Bourbon t\u00e9 i komanse r\u00e8ve lind\u00e9pandanse. Zot lid\u00e9 l\u00e9t\u00e9 kite la France po al\u00e9 kost&#8217; pl\u00fcs sanm Langlet\u00e8r, m\u00e9m si zot t\u00e9 i v\u00e9 pa tonbe dan la soumisyon bann Zangl\u00e9. Zot traka l\u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e9sklavaj : la R\u00e9volisyon lav\u00e9 \u00e9ss\u00e8ye \u2013 soman la-pa niabou \u2013 f\u00e9 passe labolisyon (lan\u00e9 1794) dann Maskar\u00e9gn (lan\u00e9 1796), alorse zot lav\u00e9 p\u00ebr t\u00e9 i arkomanse \u00e9k lid\u00e9-la. Gro plant\u00ebr Bourbon t\u00e9 majine ke bann Zangl\u00e9 nor\u00e9 garanti lo sist\u00e8m l\u00e9sklavaj. M\u00e9 zot t\u00e9 mal-\u00e9stime linflianse \u00e8k lo pongnassit\u00e9 bann labolisyonist zangl\u00e9. M\u00e9-soman de Vill\u00e8le \u2013 li t\u00e9 trava\u00efye <em>l\u2019Ile de France<\/em> konm s\u00e9kr\u00e9t\u00e8r, prot\u00e9j\u00e9, lamiral Saint-F\u00e9lix \u2013 lav\u00e9 f\u00e9 kapote proj\u00e9-la<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.6035373912283699\" aria-label=\"Charles de Mazade, L\u2019Homme d\u2019affaires de la Restauration \u2013 M. de Vill\u00e8le, Revue des Deux Mondes, 3e p\u00e9riode, t. 107, 1891, p. 5-43.\">&nbsp;<\/span> , et la question fut r\u00e9gl\u00e9e du reste en 1802 quand Bonaparte r\u00e9tablit l\u2019esclavage.<br \/>\nAlorse apartir, la klasse bann plant\u00ebr-la la-shanje n\u00e8t son kapital politik po in kapital \u00e9konomik, son l\u00e9spasse sossial po in ot. La mani\u00e9r lo sist\u00e9m t\u00e9 i tourne \u2013 prix sossial f\u00e8b, shanjman fassil, rantr\u00e9 larjan toute-suite po toute-suite \u2013 la-rande pl\u00fcs sinpe d\u00e9virman-la. Klasse-la k&#8217;i domine l\u00e9konomi ast\u00ebr, i kontini\u00e9 fonksyone en r\u00e9zo. Lo bann d\u00e9ssandan Henri-Paulin Panon Desbassayns i konfirme mani\u00e8rf\u00e9-la par zot bann lalianse. Lan\u00e9 1817, son garson Philippe i gaingne lo grade <em>Ordonnateur de La R\u00e9union<\/em>. Lan\u00e9 1818, i nome ali\u00a0<em>commissaire inspecteur pour le roi<\/em>\u00a0dann bann kontoir Linde, \u00e9pi\u00e7a Baron de Richemont, kan lo tan la\u00a0<em>Restauration\u00a0<\/em>i arive. Ali m\u00e9m, \u00e9k lapui son bofr\u00e9r de Vill\u00e8le, la-\u00e9krire Lordonanse 21 aout 1825, in lordonanse k\u2019i rogmante lo pouvoir son famiy dessi lil Bourbon : toute r\u00e9sponsab politik sar nom\u00e9 .<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5262\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5262\" style=\"width: 486px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.4-Philippe-Panon-Desbassayns-de-Richemont-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"taille-initiale wp-image-5262 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.4-Philippe-Panon-Desbassayns-de-Richemont-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"486\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.4-Philippe-Panon-Desbassayns-de-Richemont-1.jpg 486w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ill.4-Philippe-Panon-Desbassayns-de-Richemont-1-224x300.jpg 224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5262\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Philippe Panon Desbassayns de Richemont. D\u00e9ta\u00efy\u00a0<em>Arbre g\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de la famille Desbassayns<\/em>. <br \/>J\u00e9han de Vill\u00e8le. 1989. Lakoir\u00e8l, kr\u00e9yon noir. <br \/>M\u00fcz\u00e9 Vill\u00e8le<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Son fiy, M\u00e9lanie, i mary\u00e9 sanm lo comte Joseph de Vill\u00e8le, minisse apr\u00e9\u00e7a pr\u00e9zidan-d\u2019kons\u00e9y dan lo tan Louis XVIII \u00e9k Charles X l\u00e9t\u00e9 roi.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_169\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-169\" style=\"width: 519px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-5-1997-6-villele-web.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-169 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-5-1997-6-villele-web.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"519\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-5-1997-6-villele-web.jpg 519w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-5-1997-6-villele-web-250x300.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-169\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vill\u00e8le. Fran\u00e7ois-S\u00e9raphin Delpech. 1er kar 19\u00e8m si\u00e8k. Litografi relv\u00e9 \u00e8k la koul\u00e8r. <br \/>M\u00fcz\u00e9 Vill\u00e8le<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Lan\u00e9 1824, sanm son soutien, Eug\u00e8ne, va gaingne lo grade <em>ordonnateur de Pondich\u00e9ry<\/em>, apr\u00e9\u00e7a gouvern\u00ebr \u2013 depi mois d\u2019 zuin 1826 jiska 1829<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.6280585019603062\" aria-label=\"Li artourne en France, li vien in shimist renom\u00e9.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Pti Monbrun, garson Henri-Paulin va gaingne in post <em>receveur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des finances<\/em>. Apr\u00e9la li va tombe famiy la nobl\u00e8sse Bordeaux.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_171\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-171\" style=\"width: 594px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-6-eugene-de-villele-2017-3-4-1-web.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"taille-initiale wp-image-171\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-6-eugene-de-villele-2017-3-4-1-web.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"594\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-6-eugene-de-villele-2017-3-4-1-web.jpg 1054w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-6-eugene-de-villele-2017-3-4-1-web-274x300.jpg 274w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-6-eugene-de-villele-2017-3-4-1-web-768x840.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-6-eugene-de-villele-2017-3-4-1-web-936x1024.jpg 936w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-171\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mr. Eug. Desbresseurs [sic] Cte de Richemont. Anonime. Rantr\u2019 1828 \u00e8k 1842. Kr\u00e9yon d\u2019 plon. <br \/>M\u00fcz\u00e9 Vill\u00e8le<\/figcaption><\/figure>Promi\u00e9 d\u00e9b\u00fc 19\u00e9m si\u00e9k, rantr\u2019 ce bann d\u00e9ssandan-la, deu garson, Charles \u00e9k Joseph, va d\u00e9sside po Bourbon lanse la k\u00fcltir kann \u00e8k la fabrikasyon do-sik. Zot va rale sanm zot l\u00e9lite bann plant\u00ebr Bourbon<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.06285049716354196\" aria-label=\"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois G\u00e9raud, Les Ma\u00eetres du sucre. \u00cele Bourbon. 1810-1848... Saint-Andr\u00e9 : CRESOI-Graphica, 2013, 367 p.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Par bann boulv\u00e8rsman politik la R\u00e9volisyon, lo kont\u00e8ks l\u00e9konomi internasional va shanj\u00e9 po Lil Bourbon. Bann fr\u00e8r Desbassayns \u00e9k la plipar kolon bourbon\u00e9, i profite promi\u00e8rman lokazion siklone 1806 la-kraze toute plantasyon kaf\u00e9, d\u00e9zi\u00e8mman lind\u00e9pandanse Saint Domingue, troiz\u00e8mman lan\u00e9ksyon Lil Moris, po fini sanm plantasyon kaf\u00e9, zirof tou\u00e7ala, \u00e9pila po komanse in prodiksyon do-sik.<\/p>\n<p>Si la <em>Compagnie des Indes<\/em> t\u00e9 oblije bann plant\u00ebr plante kaf\u00e9, c\u00e9 bann plant\u00ebr par zot m\u00e8m, \u00e8k lanvi gaingne pl\u00fcs larjan, la-d\u00e9sside rantre dann l\u00e9konomi do-sik. Sirtou k\u2019 dan L\u00e9rop la bezoin plizanpl\u00fcs : 1 kilo \/moun\/ an, lan\u00e9 1822 ; 2,7 kilo \/moun\/ an, lan\u00e9 1840. Lan\u00e9 1823, lil Bourbon, i plante 4 200 l\u00e9ktar kann ; lan\u00e9 1846, 25 300. M\u00e9-soman, kann-la, d\u00e9k la fine koup\u00e9, l\u00e9 oblij\u00e9 trava\u00efye ali vitman in bonp\u00e9, sinonsa li p\u00e8rde son degr\u00e9 sakaroz. Alorse po f\u00e9 d\u2019kann, plant\u00ebr l\u00e9 fors\u00e9 monte in lind\u00fcstri \u00e9k in bonp\u00e9 nouvo t\u00e9knik. Kan bann plant\u00ebr i shoizi plante kann \u2013 promi\u00e9 d\u00e9b\u00fc zot nav\u00e9 poin lo droi \u2013 zot i rantre dann in ot sist\u00e9m \u00e9konomik : po l\u00e9sportasyon en France, ast\u00ebr zot l\u00e9 pi oblij\u00e9 passe par ladministrasyon, apark po lo prix garanti. Tou\u00e7a\u2212la dann lid\u00e9 f\u00e9 konkiranse \u00e9k bann kolon zantiy\u00e9 ke na pl\u00fcs lansi\u00e9nt\u00e9 \u00e8k l\u00e9sp\u00e9rianse ; \u00e9pila po rantre dan lo ron lo kom\u00e8rse do-sik nasyonal jiska mondial. Lo lansman ce lindustri do-sik-la, i am\u00e8ne, dessi t\u00e9rin l\u00e9konomi, in k\u00e9stion politik k\u2019i trakasse l\u00e9lite Bourbon : la mani\u00e8r lo pouvoir en France i kalkile bann dominan, la plasse i done azot, parlf\u00e8te la plasse i done lo t\u00e9ritoir ke zot i m\u00e9te en val\u00ebr, ke zot i dirije.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00fcramezir, Bourbon i largue bann mod\u00e9l Moris, Zantiy, Saint-Domingue po m\u00e9te-o-poin zot prope mod\u00e9l \u00e9k in sap\u00e8r linovasyon po la t\u00e9knik prodiksyon do-sik : lan\u00e9 1817, Charles Desbassayns i ans\u00e8rve in mashine vap\u00ebr (la mark Fawcett, i sorte Langl\u00e9t\u00e8r) po f\u00e9 tourne lo moulin kann dann son l\u00fczine Shodron.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_173\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-173\" style=\"width: 515px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-7-charles-desbassayns-web.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"taille-initiale wp-image-173\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-7-charles-desbassayns-web.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-7-charles-desbassayns-web.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-7-charles-desbassayns-web-238x300.jpg 238w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-7-charles-desbassayns-web-768x970.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-173\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Desbassayns. D\u00e9ta\u00efy <em>Arbre g\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de la famille Desbassayns<\/em>. <br \/>J\u00e9han de Vill\u00e8le. 1989. Lakoir\u00e8l, kr\u00e9yon noir. <br \/>M\u00fcz\u00e9 Vill\u00e8le<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>D\u2019ot linvansyon ankor \u2013 kissoi d\u00e9or, kissoi p\u00e9i \u2013 i am\u00e9liore f\u00fcramezir lo t\u00e9knik : i m\u00e8te-o-poin lo batri Gimard, lo batri kolonial de Wetzell<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.10915669304704112\" aria-label=\"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois G\u00e9raud, Joseph Martial Wetzell (1793-1857) : une r\u00e9volution sucri\u00e8re oubli\u00e9e \u00e0 La R\u00e9union, Revue Historique des Mascareignes, n\u00b0 1, juin 1998, AHIOI, 269 p., p. 113-156.\">&nbsp;<\/span> \u00e9k toute son bann pr\u00e8sse-l\u00e9kime, filtr, rotat\u00ebr, apr\u00e9la va ans\u00e8rve ossi bann t\u00fcrbine \u00e9k kuite-sou-vide.<\/p>\n<p>An-pl\u00fcs produi do-sik, po vnir s\u00fckri\u00e9 i fo k\u2019 bann plant\u00ebr i shanje zot labit\u00fcde po aprann in bonp\u00e9 nouvo zaf\u00e9r :<br \/>\n\u2013 mi\u00e9 kon\u00e9te la t\u00e9r, la m\u00e9t\u00e9o, par in mani\u00e8r pl\u00fcs siantifik,<br \/>\n\u2013 m\u00e8te-o-poin in m\u00e9y\u00ebr m\u00e9tode po la k\u00fcltir kann,<br \/>\n\u2013 rolanse la k\u00fcltir maniok po nouri z\u00e9sklav (\u00ab lo manj\u00e9 prinsipal bann z\u00e9sklav \u00bb dapr\u00e9 Joseph Desbassayns) ;<br \/>\n\u2013 bien konprann toute \u00e7ak i fo kon\u00e9te dann m\u00e9ti\u00e9-la, ans\u00e8rve toute bann nouvot\u00e9 t\u00e9knik,<br \/>\n\u2013 rantre dann in l\u00e9spri lantropriz, po konsid\u00e8re lantropren\u00ebr, par\u00e8y J-B.Say i f\u00e9, konm lo promi\u00e9 lakt\u00ebr lo progr\u00e9 la sossi\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e8k lo regroupman toute bann moiyin d\u2019prodiksyon.<br \/>\nTou\u00e7a-la i passe avan lo kapital. Lo pl\u00fcs difissil po bann s\u00fckri\u00e9 gaingn\u00e9, \u00e7a la kapassit\u00e9 po j\u00e9r\u00e9. Inp\u00e9 la-pa niabou j\u00e8re zot kr\u00e9di, la-komanse asht\u00e9, anpr\u00e8te in bonp\u00e9 larjan, konm si zot t\u00e9 i konpran pi la vie, konm par \u00e9gzanpe bann Abadie, de La Serve, Despeissis, Pignolet, Mlle Lagourgue, sirtou Joseph Desbassayns\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Lo siks\u00e9 Charles Desbassayns \u00e8k son kotri familial la-am\u00e8ne lo m\u00e9te-ansanm lo bann t\u00e9knik loss\u00e9an Indien, Zantiy, \u00e9k L\u00e9rop. \u00c7a la-m\u00e8te en plasse in vr\u00e9 l\u00e9spasse t\u00e9knik Bourbon\u00e9 k\u2019i tienbo for ansanm, k\u2019i avanse, par lo partaj toute lo bann nouvot\u00e9 \u00e8k l\u00e9zot prodikt\u00ebr do-sik Lil Bourbon. Bann Desbassayns t\u00e9 i rossoi dann zot l\u00fczine l\u00e9zot s\u00fckri\u00e9 bra gran rouv\u00e8r, pou k\u2019 bann-la i tire mod\u00e9l, sansa i pran lid\u00e9 dessi zot mat\u00e9ri\u00e9l \u00e9k zot t\u00e9knik.<\/p>\n<p>Gran dalonaj t\u00e9knik-la t\u00e9 possib akoz depi avan lo tan do-sik nav\u00e9 d\u00e9ja in bonp\u00e9 maryaj, in bonp\u00e9 zalianse, m\u00e9-soman \u00e7a la\u2212ranforsi ankor \u00e8k l\u00e9konomi do-sik. Po bien amontre k\u2019in maryaj c\u00e9 in lalianse rantr\u2019 famiy, toute maryaj i f\u00e9 dapr\u00e9 mod\u00e9l kominot\u00e9-d\u2019bien : \u00ab maryaj c\u00e9 lalianse rantr\u2019 deu bop\u00e8r \u00bb<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.9693937443780742\" aria-label=\"Denis Woronoff, Histoire de l\u2019industrie en France, du XVIe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 nos Jours. Paris : Seuil, Points Histoire, r\u00e9\u00e9d. 1998, 674 p.\">&nbsp;<\/span>.\u00a0Dann Bourbon toute maryaj rantr\u2019 prodikt\u00ebr do-sik la-pa d\u00e9manti la baz-la. Lalianse par maryaj i zou\u00e9 in rol prinsipal, sirtou dann promi\u00e9 deb\u00fc, l\u00ebrk larjan i sirk\u00fcle pa bonp\u00e9, an-pl\u00fcs ke bann gro kolon l\u00e9 kapab bien rep\u00e8re, dann in f\u00fctir bofis, lo kapassit\u00e9 ke zot, zot n\u00e9na b\u00e9zoin. Lan\u00e9 1830, Desbassayns i anboshe De Chateauvieux (k\u2019i tonbe lo ti-zanfan Fran\u00e7ois Nion, d\u00e9ja kolonm Mme Desbassayns depi 1814). Boug-la i tarde pa po mary\u00e9 sanm la fiy Charles. Ce d\u00e9ssandan pti-blan-la (in pti-blan ke la-gaingne la ruine par la R\u00e9volisyon frans\u00e8z), la\u2212aprann j\u00e8re lindustri do-sik en France, apr\u00e9-\u00e7a la-d\u00e9mare in kary\u00e9r batiss\u00ebr l\u00fczine (konm \u00e7at Vinsando), avan d\u2019okipe son prope dom\u00e9n, Kolimasson.<\/p>\n<p>Dann promi\u00e9 moiti\u00e9 19\u00e9m si\u00e9k, la plasse dan la sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 bann s\u00fckri\u00e9 Bourbon la-ranfors\u00e9. Bien s\u00fcr, zot t\u00e9 i pr\u00e9f\u00e8re vive dann l\u00e9-karti\u00e9, dessi zot dom\u00e8n, dann k\u00ebr zot trava\u00efy s\u00fckri\u00e9, \u00e9pila dann zot gran lantouraj famiy, dalon, fr\u00e9kantasyon sossial, dan la grann sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 konm dann trava\u00efy. Joseph Desbassayns i vive dessi son dom\u00e8n <em>Grand Hazier<\/em>, par\u00e8y po son bann voizin : Sicre de Fontbrune, Lescouble, dokt\u00ebr Brun, Madanm Dior\u00e9, sansa Mme de Villentroy, jiska P\u00e9richon karti\u00e9 Sainte-Marie. Charles Desbassayns i r\u00e8ste dann in kaz li la-f\u00e9 batir dessi son dom\u00e8n Shodron. Bast\u00e9r, Sin-Pi\u00e9r, la kaz Deheaulme dann mili\u00e9 in karo pi\u00e9-mang, kost\u00e9 \u00e9k l\u00fczine do-sik, i f\u00e9 lo fi\u00e8r, anl\u00e9r in t\u00e9rasse k\u2019i domine katr bassin ranpli \u00e9k leau lo bon kanal Sint-Eti\u00e8n. Ce lamaraj \u00e8k la t\u00e8r-la i amontre koman, par rapor bann Zantiy\u00e9, bann s\u00fckri\u00e9 Bourbon, l\u00e9 pa absan, zot i r\u00e8ste la-m\u00e8m dessi zot dom\u00e8n, dann k\u00ebr zot trava\u00efy.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_175\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-175\" style=\"width: 561px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-8-maison-deheaulme-basse-terre-jpg.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-175 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-8-maison-deheaulme-basse-terre-jpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"561\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-8-maison-deheaulme-basse-terre-jpg.jpg 561w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-8-maison-deheaulme-basse-terre-jpg-300x180.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-175\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bast\u00e8r (po Messi\u00e9 de Heaulme) Karti\u00e9 Sin-Pi\u00e8r. Etienne-Adolphe d&#8217;Hastrel de Rivedoux. Par-la 1836-1837. Honor\u00e9 Clerget. 1847. Litografi. <br \/>M\u00fcz\u00e9 Vill\u00e8le<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Lan\u00e9 1830 apartir, bann s\u00fckri\u00e9 i domine l\u00e9konomi d\u2019 <em>Plantation<\/em>. F\u00fcramezir, an-pl\u00fcs zot kaz dessi zot dom\u00e8n, zot i bati dessi in \u00ab lanplasman \u00bb en ville, souvand\u00e9foi po zot r\u00e8st\u00e9. Bien s\u00fcr, zot i shoizi lo k\u00ebr la ville, bann r\u00fc prinsipal, konm la <em>rue de Paris<\/em> \u00e8k lo <em>Vieux Carr\u00e9<\/em> dann Sin-Dni. Dann in sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 kolonial, la-pa bezoin vr\u00e9man d\u00e9vlope la ville. Lo bezoin bann s\u00fckri\u00e9 al\u00e9 laba i amontr\u2019 zot volont\u00e9 :<br \/>\n&#8211; f\u00e9 oir azot dann l\u00e9spasse lo pouvoir,<br \/>\n&#8211; f\u00e9 konkiranse \u00e8k bann repr\u00e9zantan tradisyon\u00e8l pouvoir-la,<br \/>\n&#8211; r\u00e9kip\u00e8re po zot la r\u00e9sp\u00e9ktabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Parlf\u00e9te, bann s\u00fckri\u00e9 i rantre dann kons\u00e9y minissipal po gaingne in pouvoir dan la ville. Souvand\u00e9foi, zot i okipe lo k\u00e9stion lo bann r\u00fc, lo bann shemin, distrib\u00fcsyon de-leau. Dann Sinte-Marie, l\u00ebrk Hugot, in s\u00fckri\u00e9, l\u00e9t\u00e9 lo maire, nav\u00e9 in bonp\u00e9 gro kolon gabi\u00e9, konm Charles Desbassayns, Martin-Flacourt, G\u00e9rard, Advisse Desruisseaux.<\/p>\n<p>Bann famiy-la l\u00e9t\u00e9 dann kons\u00e9y minissipal konm dann kons\u00e9y kolonial ; zot t\u00e9 i okipe in plasse kons\u00e9y\u00e9 priv\u00e9, t\u00e9 bien plass\u00e9 dan la shanm lagrik\u00fcltir, t\u00e9 grad\u00e9 dan la milisse. F\u00fcramezir zot la-niabou pran lo kontrol \u2013 ziska la d\u00e9partmantalizasyon \u2013 la vie politik konm \u00e9konomik la koloni, malgr\u00e9 labolisyon l\u00e9sklavaz, lariv\u00e9 la R\u00e9piblik, z\u00e9l\u00e9ksyon.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>S\u00e9pa si ce l\u00e9konomi d\u2019 <em>plantation<\/em>-la va d\u00e9gr\u00e9n\u00e9 apr\u00e9 lo d\u00e9zi\u00e8m labolisyon l\u00e9sklavaj lan\u00e9 1848 ? La fin l\u00e9sklavaj \u2013 ke \u00e7ak i anprofite i fini par aks\u00e9pt\u00e9 \u2013 po d\u00e9-s\u00e8rtin t\u00e9 par\u00e9y la fin lo gadianm lo Monde : zot t\u00e9 i voi lo mod\u00e9rnit\u00e9 kapitalist konm in galizaj bann val\u00ebr moral ke, mili\u00e9 19\u00e8m si\u00e8k, zot la-transforme fassilman en fin-di-Monde. Dann zot majinasyon, lo progr\u00e9 t\u00e9 i vire en d\u00e9gr\u00e9naj moral\u2026 Ce vizion bann p\u00e8rdan lobby do-sik-la i d\u00e9tourne lo sens labolisyon l\u00e9sklavaj. Li angr\u00e8sse lo fo-lid\u00e9 ke labolisyon l\u00e9 konm in p\u00e9rte po lorijine, po lidantit\u00e9 \u2013 jiska zordi.<\/p>\n<p>Po la plipar, bann s\u00fckri\u00e9 \u2013 en promi\u00e9 bann Desbassayns \u2013 i aks\u00e8pte labolisyon 1848, san rode d\u00e9zorde, \u00e7ak i d\u00e9manti zot bann santiman d\u2019avan. \u00c7a i komanse done azot an-pl\u00fcs in kr\u00e9di politik nouv\u00e8l. Bann kolon i abandone lanvi lind\u00e9pandanse (ke tanzantan zot t\u00e9 i r\u00e8ve), m\u00e8m si, d\u2019apr\u00e9 zot, labolisyon t\u00e9 i anonse la ruine l\u00e9konomi. Ruine-la la-pa jam\u00e9 ariv\u00e9, gran kontr\u00e9r : jiska dann mili\u00e9 lan\u00e9 1860, l\u00e9konomi la koloni l\u00e9 anl\u00e9r pl\u00fcs ke jam\u00e9.<br \/>\nBann s\u00fckri\u00e9 i aks\u00e9pt la fin l\u00e9sklavaz, somank\u00e9 akoz zot i kalkile, dann in sist\u00e9m kapitalist, \u00e7a, l\u00e9 pi tro rantab ; m\u00e9 sirtou akoz, ast\u00ebr, zot i v\u00e9 absoliman kons\u00e8rve lo gat\u00fcr \u00e9k la France \u2013 in gatir, po zot, apartir, i tonbe pl\u00fcs \u00e9konomik ke politik. Lindamnit\u00e9 zot i pr\u00e9tan gaingn\u00e9 c\u00e9 lo prinsipal baz lo plan zot la-mat\u00e9, lo sign shanjman-la. Lindamnit\u00e9-la, po dire lo pl\u00fcs vr\u00e9, \u00e7a lo promi\u00e9 d\u00e9b\u00fc in politik lassistanse \u00e9konomik ke, demoun i kon\u00e9, la-d\u00e9vlope in bonp\u00e9, La R\u00e9nyon \u00ab La R\u00e9nyon ou\u00e7a demoun i atann pl\u00fcs in sharit\u00e9 k\u2019in droi \u00bb konm di Jean Benoist<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.9657602173576163\" aria-label=\"Jean Benoist, Paysans de La R\u00e9union. Aix-Paris : PUAM-CNRS, 1981, 100 p.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Parlf\u00e8te, labolisyon i amorse dir\u00e8k in politik lassimilasyon (in z\u00e9sklav afranshi i p\u00e9 rantre \u00e9gal sanm in moun ke l\u00e9 lib depi la n\u00e9ssanse). Lassimilasyon-la, \u00e7a in karakt\u00e9ristik i d\u00e9fini ko\u00e7a i l\u00e9 lo sist\u00e8m r\u00e9publikin ke bann s\u00fckri\u00e9, san di rien, l\u00e9 dakor po m\u00e8te an-plasse.<\/p>\n<p>La-pa siprime l\u00e9sklavaj parsk li t\u00e9 pa an-akor sanm la dirabilit\u00e9 l\u00e9konomi d\u2019 <em>plantation<\/em> \u00e8k \u00e7at bann dom\u00e8n s\u00fckri\u00e9. L\u00e9konomi d\u2019 plantation, \u00e8k son bann kontradiksyon, l\u00e9 pa in sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 k\u2019i bouje pa. Li la-gaingne r\u00e9zist\u00e9, adapt\u2019 ali, dabor-inn dan lo gro d\u00e9zorde la r\u00e9volisyon, apr\u00e9\u00e7a dan lo sist\u00e9m lindustri kapitalist mani\u00e8r angl\u00e9, akoz la plipar s\u00fckri\u00e9 i int\u00e9r\u00e9sse pl\u00fcs po roganize mi\u00e9 zot prodiksyon, plito k\u2019 f\u00e9 in compte sanm lo statut la min-d\u00e9v. Bann Desbassayns, ke lav\u00e9 am\u00e8ne toute kolon po shoizi lo mod\u00e9l <em>l&#8217;habitation-sucrerie<\/em>, lav\u00e9, en promi\u00e9, apr\u00e9 1830, \u00e9ss\u00e8ye sove l\u00e9sklavaj par in mani\u00e9r rande ali pl\u00fcs rantab. Zot la-m\u00e8te an-plasse in sist\u00e9m sirv\u00e9yanse p\u00e8rmanan bann zesklav po rande zot trava\u00efy pl\u00fcs prodiktif. T\u00e9 i rode pi tro lob\u00e9issanse, t\u00e9 i rode sirtou lo randman ; t\u00e9 pi lo shabouk t\u00e9 i ans\u00e8rve, t\u00e9 in sirv\u00e9yanse-lansp\u00e8k sist\u00e9matik.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e9 1848, Desbassayns i v\u00e9 \u00e9ss\u00e9ye ash\u00e9ve f\u00e9 vive l\u00e9konomi d\u2019 <em>plantation<\/em> par in ladaptasyon \u00e9k lo sist\u00e9m zournali\u00e9 p\u00e9y\u00e9. Lo 23 oktob 1848, in s\u00e8ry\u00e9 sobatkoz i m\u00e8te la divizion dan lo Conseil priv\u00e9. In l\u00fczini\u00e9, en m\u00e8m tan avoka, Ruyneau de Saint Georges, i d\u00e9klare : \u00ab la plipar kolon Bourbon l\u00e9t\u00e9 dakor d\u2019avanse po l\u00e9mansipasyon, m\u00e9-soman zot t\u00e9 oblij\u00e9 okipe po vr\u00e9man la kontiniasyon lo trava\u00efy \u00e9k lo r\u00e9sp\u00e9 la loi. \u00bb Li di ossi : \u00ab kons\u00e8rnan la p\u00e8ye (\u00e7at bann zafranshi) l\u00e9 oblij\u00e9, kom\u00e9la, li sora f\u00e9b-f\u00e9b akoz toute bann kolon n\u00e9na plizoumoin pa tro larjan. \u00bb Lo citoyen Desbassayns \u2013 gran mod\u00e9l l\u00fczini\u00e9 Bourbon \u2013 konm in l\u00e9sp\u00e8sse Fourrier tropikal, i domande k\u2019i marke lo possibe organize langajism par\u00e8y in lassossiasyon : bann l\u00fczini\u00e9 i am\u00e8ne la t\u00e8r, bann zafranshi zot kouraj, apr\u00e9 i partaje b\u00e9n\u00e9fisse, m\u00e9-sinpleman, dann kondisyon-la, lo zafranshi i okipe son manz\u00e9, son linj, son lojman, po oblije azot pran labit\u00fcde vive en orde \u00e9pila pa gaspiy\u00e9. An-pl\u00fcs li di: \u00ab Lo karakt\u00e9ristik bann Noir c\u00e9 lo kasse-pa-la-t\u00e8te \u00e8k la par\u00e8sse \u00bb. Ruyneau i di li l\u00e9 pa dakor. Po li i fo c\u00e9 langajist i p\u00e9ye tou\u00e7a-la, m\u00e9-soman i fo tire inp\u00e9 dessi la p\u00e8y po soingne bann vi\u00e9 moun \u00e9k bann zinvalide (li \u00e9stime n\u00e9na 15000, Desbassayns i di n\u00e9na plito 2000). C\u00e9 \u00e7ak Ruyneau la-di k\u2019i gaingne. Parlf\u00e9te langajism la niabou aranje son sist\u00e9m po artonbe par\u00e9y l\u00e9sklavaj m\u00e9m\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Sist\u00e8m pa tro kl\u00e9r-la i anonse in gran maliz\u00e9 po ash\u00e9ve f\u00e9 vive l\u00e9konomi d\u2019 <em>plantation<\/em>. Lo bann kolon-l\u00fczini\u00e9 i v\u00e9 tashe mani\u00e8r domine lavnir par lo kontrol lo bann prinsipal m\u00e9kanism fonksyoneman la sossi\u00e9t\u00e9<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.04413460740922526\" aria-label=\"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois G\u00e9raud, Les Ma\u00eetres du sucre. \u00cele Bourbon. 1810-1848..., op. cit.\">&nbsp;<\/span> . Par \u00e9gzanpe, zot i soutien l\u00e9gliz katolik. Bien s\u00fcr l\u00e9t\u00e9 konm \u00e7a depi avan. S\u00ebl kondisyon : i fo \u00e7a i kons\u00e8rne pa bann z\u00e9sklav. Po \u00e7a m\u00e8m i arm\u00e8te pl\u00fcs devan lo kristianizasyon bann z\u00e9sklav, pangar \u00e7a l\u00e9 kapab m\u00e8te d\u00e9zorde dann lorganizasyon la sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e8l k\u2019i l\u00e9 si demoun i v\u00e9 aplike lo bann prinsipe l\u00e9vanjil. M\u00e8m lan\u00e9 1845, apr\u00e9 bann loi Mackau ke t\u00e9 i rode pr\u00e9pare bann z\u00e9sklav po l\u00e9mansipasyon par la rolijion kr\u00e9tien, l\u00e9gliz ke t\u00e9 fine rouv\u00e8r d\u2019 nouvo shap\u00e9l po d\u00e9mare l\u00e9vanz\u00e9lizasyon, i b\u00fcte, konm n\u2019i kon\u00e9, dessi lopozisyon pr\u00e8sk toute l\u2019establishment l\u00e9konomi do-sik \u2013 apark d\u00e9troi kolon, bann Desbassayns anparmi\u2026 Par kontr\u2019, apr\u00e9 labolisyon, bann l\u00fczini\u00e9 i ankouraje l\u00e9vanz\u00e9lizasyon bann zafranshi por\u00e9zon i p\u00e9 rande pl\u00fcs fassil po zot rantre dan la sossi\u00e9t\u00e9, parlf\u00e8te mi\u00e9 kontrole azot. Bann zafranshi tan-k\u2019 azot, t\u00e9 dakor po la plipar, akoz zot t\u00e9 i majine gaingne in plasse dan la sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 par\u00e9y lo Blan. Alorse bann l\u00fczini\u00e9 i done zot soutien Mgr Desprez, l\u00ebrk li rouv\u00e8r la misyon Saint-Thomas des Indiens, lan\u00e9 1852. Son lid\u00e9 c\u00e9 d\u2019 am\u00e8ne dan la rolijion kr\u00e9tien bann zansien z\u00e9sklav indien ke lav\u00e9 kite bann l\u00fczine do-sik deu z\u2019an apr\u00e9 labolisyon. Po \u00e7a, lan\u00e9 1853, i f\u00e9 vni depi Linde, lo p\u00e8r Joseph Gury, apr\u00e9\u00e7a bann j\u00e9zuite prof\u00e9ss\u00ebr kat\u00e9shism. Sin-Lwi, Chabrier, in l\u00fczini\u00e9, la-ankouraje toulbon po f\u00e9 in nouvo l\u00e9gliz, tro gran jiska, po ak\u00e8ye bann zafranshi. L\u00ebrk t\u00e9 fini li f\u00e9 kado lo klosh. Li done bann klosh-la lo nom son fiy. Li t\u00e9 \u00e9sp\u00e8re oir \u00ab bann zafranshi arkomans zot trava\u00efy toul\u00e9jour dann l\u00e9z\u00e9kar, l\u00ebrk zot va byin kon\u00e9t sak zot i dwa f\u00e9 povr\u00e9man par in linstriksion la rolijion ziska dann zot tr\u00e9fon \u00bb. L\u00e0, i konpran bien par-koman i ans\u00e8rve la rolijion po d\u00e9k\u00fcltire bann zafranshi, dr\u00e8sse azot po artrava\u00efy\u00e9 !<\/p>\n<p>Bann l\u00fczini\u00e9 i f\u00e9 par\u00e8y, en missouk, po l\u00e9kol. Philippe Panon Desbassayns, i demande bann roliji\u00ebz <em>Cluny<\/em>, vnir Bourbon. Lan\u00e9 1817, m\u00e8re Rosalie Javouhey i am\u00e8ne azot, en promi\u00e9 dan la ville Sin-Pol ; deu zan\u00e9 apr\u00e9, Sin-Dni ; f\u00fcramezir dann d\u2019ot ville, konm Sin-Pi\u00e8r, lan\u00e9 1845, dann in batiman l\u00fczini\u00e9 Kerv\u00e9guen i done azot po r\u00e8ste dedan. L\u00e9 pa in koudazar si, Philippe Panon Desbassayns, lo repr\u00e9zantan ce gro famiy l\u00fczini\u00e9-la i d\u00e9sside f\u00e9 \u00e7a. L\u00e9dikasyon bann moun miz\u00e8r \u2013 m\u00e9-soman en promi\u00e9 t\u00e9 i borde bann z\u00e9sklav \u2013 i ans\u00e8rve bien, apr\u00e9 1848, po bann zafranshi. Bann roliji\u00ebz i ak\u00e8ye azot dann zot l\u00e9kol, konm l\u2019<em>Immacul\u00e9e Conception<\/em>, Sin-Dni. Lo bann <em>Fr\u00e8res de la Doctrine chr\u00e9tienne<\/em> ossi, \u00e8k lo soutien bann l\u00fczini\u00e9, i done bann j\u00ebne zanfan zafranshi linstriksyon prim\u00e8r. Lan\u00e9 1871, l\u00ebrk lo maire Sin\u2013Lwi, Eug\u00e8ne Payet, i romarke ke bann zanfan \u00ab demoun mal\u00e9r\u00e9 i ash\u00e9ve kr\u00e8ve ignoran \u00bb, inn Zaviron, in ot La Rivi\u00e8r. I koute arpa rien la komine parsk c\u00e9 Gouv\u00e8rnman va p\u00e9y\u00e9. Lan\u00e9 1858, la <em>Congr\u00e9gation du Saint Esprit<\/em> i gaingne, po 25 an, la r\u00e9sponsabilit\u00e9 La Providence, in l\u00e9tablisman publik ke lo gouv\u00e8rn\u00ebr Hubert Delisle la-kr\u00e9\u00e9 2 zan\u00e9 avan. L\u00e9t\u00e9 en m\u00e8m tan in lospisse po vi\u00e9 moun \u00e9k zinvalide, in l\u00e9kol agrikol, prof\u00e9syon\u00e8l po bann j\u00ebne zafranshi, pl\u00fcs in prizon po j\u00ebne d\u00e9linkan. L\u00fczini\u00e9 Charles Desbassayns, pr\u00e9zidan Kons\u00e8y j\u00e9n\u00e9ral, i f\u00e9 done ali in s\u00fcbvansyon 80 000 F.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_177\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-177\" style=\"width: 673px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-9-ecole-penitencier-providence-jpg.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-177 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-9-ecole-penitencier-providence-jpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"673\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-9-ecole-penitencier-providence-jpg.jpg 673w, https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ill-9-ecole-penitencier-providence-jpg-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-177\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L\u00e9tablisman publik La Providence : La prizon. Anonime. 1862. Litografi. <br \/>M\u00fcz\u00e9 Vill\u00e8le<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>L\u00e9dikasyon po bann zafranshi l\u00e9 kalkil\u00e9 po lint\u00e9r\u00e9 l\u00e9konomi, n\u00e9na d\u2019triaj dann lans\u00e8gnman. Jules Duval i trouve tro gayar koman \u00ab lo bann sianse \u00e8k lo bann z\u2019art k\u2019 i f\u00e9 l\u00e9ve nout santiman : kissoi d\u00e9ssin, j\u00e9om\u00e9tri, m\u00e9kanik, la mizik, la lang \u00bb, koman tou\u00e7a-la i rantre fassilman dann in bann t\u00eate \u00ab ke l\u00e9sklavaz lav\u00e9 rande s\u00e8k m\u00e9m, soidizan pi kapab aks\u00e8pte lans\u00e8gnman\u00bb<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.7000794848151568\" aria-label=\"Jules Duval, Politique coloniale de la France. L\u2019\u00eele de La R\u00e9union, ses ressources, ses progr\u00e8s, l\u2019immigration et l\u2019absent\u00e9isme, Revue des Deux Mondes, 1860 \u2013 2e p\u00e9riode, p. 854-893.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Parkonte bann l\u00fczini\u00e9 l\u00e9 dovan in kontradiksyon : l\u00e9dikasyon i komanse tire tro d\u2019 nouvo j\u00e9n\u00e9rasyon dann trava\u00efy la t\u00e8r \u00e8k l\u00fczine. D\u00e9-s\u00e8rtin zournal, jiska, i reproshe bann fr\u00e8r pousse tro bann j\u00ebne zafranshi dann in mani\u00e8r r\u00e9fl\u00e9shire ke l\u00e9 riskab am\u00e8ne azot dann in lanbisyon po shavire lo sist\u00e9m ! Lo bann pr\u00e9syon i forse lo gouv\u00e8rn\u00ebr f\u00e9 in r\u00e8gleman konm dekoi l\u00e9kol i amontr\u2019 rienk trava\u00efy mani\u00e8l.<\/p>\n<p>Lontan avan lo d\u00e9maraz la III\u00e8m R\u00e9p\u00fcblik, dann tan la koloni, bann l\u00fczini\u00e9, por\u00e9zon zot lint\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e9konomik, i manip\u00fcle la rolijion, \u00e9pila lo bann prinsipe politik la R\u00e9p\u00fcblik, sirtou po l\u00e9kol. Zot lid\u00e9, t\u00e9 kontrole la min-d\u00e8v, po ash\u00e9ve r\u00e8ste dan lo sist\u00e8m l\u00e9konomi d\u2019 <em>plantation<\/em>. Parlf\u00e8t, dann promi\u00e9 mois apr\u00e9 labolisyon, bann gran \u00e8k bann moiyin l\u00e9sploitasyon lav\u00e9 p\u00e8rde in bonp\u00e9 d\u2019 zot min-d\u00e8v. Lan\u00e9 1854, Patu de Rosemont i am\u00e8ne in komisyon k\u2019 i rande compte konm-de-koi 35000 zafranshi, dessi in total 62000, la-shape \u00e8k lo sist\u00e8m langajism. Kanm\u00e8m lo <em>Prince-Pr\u00e9sident<\/em> la-f\u00e9 in r\u00e8gleman (28 avril 1852) po done bann propri\u00e9t\u00e8r lo droi oblije bann zafranshi trava\u00efye, ce d\u00e9z\u00e8rsyon bann zafranshi-la \u2013 kanm\u00e8m zordi i kon\u00e9 nav\u00e9 inp\u00e9 moins\u00a0\u2013 i \u00e9splike par la p\u00e8ye tro f\u00e9b po tire azot dan la miz\u00e8r, po zot gaingne anprofite inp\u00e9 zot lib\u00e8rt\u00e9 n\u00e8v.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e9 lo grok\u00ebr \u00e9k lo m\u00e9pri bann gro kolon po bann zafranshi k\u2019i \u00e9splike po ko\u00e7a bann-la t\u00e9 bord\u00e9. Bann kolon i d\u00e9sside anboshe zangaj\u00e9 en d\u00e9or po inn p\u00e8y-la-miz\u00e9r. Zot i d\u00e9sside angaje bann zindien akoz nav\u00e9 pi lo droi anboshe demoun i sorte Lafrik. \u00c7a t\u00e9 rossanb tro l\u00e9sklavaj : bann n\u00e9gri\u00e9 t\u00e9 i kontini\u00e9 ash\u00e8te z\u00e9sklav \u00e8k trafikan afrikin, apr\u00e9la t\u00e9 i am\u00e8ne azot La R\u00e9union konm zangaj\u00e9 lib.<\/p>\n<p>La r\u00e9zon po d\u00e9vlope langajism l\u00e9 politik, m\u00e9-soman, li l\u00e9 \u00e9konomik en m\u00e8m tan. I fo borde bann zafranshi, d\u00e9fande azot trouve trava\u00efy, parsk zot n\u00e9na in konsianse politik kapab ref\u00fcze lorganizasyon lo sist\u00e8m <em>plantation<\/em>. Ce gran l\u00e9skl\u00fczion-la, i f\u00e9 la plasse po in forse trava\u00efy k\u2019 i gaingne pa ditou ma\u00efye dan la politik : bann zangaj\u00e9.<br \/>\nCe mani\u00e8r kasse-kass\u00e9 po r\u00e8gle lo probl\u00e8m la min-d\u00e9v-la, i d\u00e9fande pa la sit\u00fcasyon \u00e9konomik d\u00e9gr\u00e8ne d\u2019in s\u00ebl kou, po lontan. Lo Kons\u00e8y j\u00e9n\u00e9ral, san kapassit\u00e9 majine lavnir, oli\u00ebrk avantaje lantropriz, i soutien toute bann gouv\u00e8rnman, inn apr\u00e9 l\u2019ot. L\u00e9 vr\u00e9 ke Charles Desbassayns la-domine lontan Kons\u00e8y-la \u2013 bononm-la n\u00e9na kapassit\u00e9 \u00e9k kouraj po vr\u00e9man, m\u00e9-soman, konm li di li-m\u00e8m, li l\u00e9 l\u00e9jitimist. Po \u00e7a-m\u00e8m, en lakokinaj sanm Mons\u00e9gn\u00ebr Desprez, lo Kons\u00e8y j\u00e9n\u00e9ral i shoizi pa l\u00e9dikasyon po ar\u00e9te la miz\u00e9r, po f\u00e9 avanse la sossi\u00e9t\u00e9, po soude ali o-mi\u00e9 : o-kontr\u00e9r, li rode lo soutien, lo kou-d\u2019min l\u00e9gliz \u00e8k la rolijion po domine toute la sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 \u2013 zafranshi dann tas. Po \u00e7a, li f\u00e9 finanse dir\u00e8k in tral\u00e9 shap\u00e9l, l\u00e9gliz, in nouvo kat\u00e9dral (k\u2019i fini arpa jam\u00e9), \u00e9k <em>l&#8217;Etablissement La Providence<\/em> po, k\u2019i v\u00e9 k\u2019i v\u00e9 pa, f\u00e9 konkiranse \u00e9k bann lantropriz kost\u00e9 \u00e8k lo trava\u00efy do-sik. An-pl\u00fcs ke \u00e7a, l\u00ebrk lo sist\u00e9m taks plito en fav\u00ebr lo sik La R\u00e9union i komanse i fini, in bann katastrof nat\u00fcr\u00e8l i d\u00e9boule inn apr\u00e9 l\u2019ot. In bann siklone \u00e8k lo Bor\u00e8r (son larv i p\u00e8rse lo kann po manj\u00e9 ; li la-ariv Moris lan\u00e9 1850, apr\u00e9 la-rantre partou La R\u00e9union en 1855) tou\u00e7a-la la-m\u00e8te l\u00e9konomi dann in kriz po lontan. Sirman la mor Charles Desbassayns, lan\u00e9 1863, i f\u00e9 k\u2019 lo Kons\u00e9y j\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e8k lo gouv\u00e8rn\u00ebr i \u00e9koute pi tro lobby-la, m\u00e9-soman son kapassit\u00e9 rale d\u00e9ry\u00e9r la-ranforsi l\u00ebrk son deu nev\u00e9, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric \u00e9k Paul de Vill\u00e8le la-partaje son l\u00e9ritaj politik. An-pl\u00fcs ke \u00e7a, in ot nev\u00e9 ankor, Bellier de Villentroy, l\u00e9 pr\u00e9zidan la Cour Imp\u00e9riale, li tonbe famiy par alianse sanm lo not\u00e8r Fran\u00e7ois Mottet. Ast\u00ebr, la kriz va ash\u00e8ve ruine bann famiy gro kolon ke na pi lo soutien bann zinstitisyon, sirtou ke zot l\u00e9 may\u00e9 dann kr\u00e9di : zot la-ash\u00e8te gro mashine sh\u00e8r, soidizan po r\u00e8gle lo bann probl\u00e8m labolisyon l\u00e9sklavaj.<\/p>\n<p>In bonp\u00e9 famiy gro plant\u00ebr lav\u00e9 komanse pr\u00e9voir lo bann difikilt\u00e9 t\u00e9 i atann azot, kissoi par lo sist\u00e9m m\u00e9m (labolisyon, ousinon la prodiksyon do-sik), kissoi par la sit\u00fcasyon politik konm par \u00e9gzanpe in mov\u00e9 lantante \u00e9k Langlet\u00e9r, riskab jiska d\u00e9boush dessi in gu\u00e9r. D\u00e9s\u00e8rtin la-komanse \u00ab partir po France \u00bb. I fo pa oubliye in naf\u00e8r : malgr\u00e9 zot l\u00e9 kr\u00e9ol, bann famiy-la, la-touzour r\u00e8ve la France, regr\u00e8te la France : po \u00e7a m\u00e8m zot la-touzour pran mod\u00e9l dessi la mani\u00e8r vive bann Frans\u00e9. Po in bonp\u00e9 gro kolon kr\u00e9ol, la koloni t\u00e9 jist in landroi, l\u00e9sploitasyon do-sik, jist in mani\u00e9r f\u00e9 fortine po apr\u00e9, al\u00e9 anprofite zot gro larjan en France. Depi lan\u00e9 1820, Auguste Billard t\u00e9 i t\u00e9 i signale : \u00ab Nav\u00e9 pl\u00fcs demoun larondisman \u201cdu-vent\u201c t\u00e9 i sava po France ; lo bann propri\u00e9t\u00e9 i shanje lo maitr\u2019 pl\u00fcs souvan \u00bb<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.2989337025453451\" aria-label=\"Auguste Billiard, Voyage aux colonies orientales\u2026, op. cit.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Ce lanvi d\u2019al\u00e9 en France-la i tourne dan la t\u00eate Betsi de Fontbrune. Lan\u00e9 1837, malgr\u00e9 lo gro larjan \u00e8l la niabou gaingn\u00e9 l\u2019\u00cele Bourbon, \u00e8l i \u00e9krire : \u00ab Mon lanvi al\u00e9 po France la pa jam\u00e9 t\u00e9 for konm kom\u00e9la \u00bb<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.8268254762158049\" aria-label=\"Archives priv\u00e9es Sicre de Fontbrune.\">&nbsp;<\/span> .<\/p>\n<p>Tout \u00e7ak i r\u00e8ste l\u00e0 m\u00e8m, konm Jacques Weulersse la-di, \u00ab sont bien des colons (\u2026) Ils ont abandonn\u00e9 pour toujours la vieille Europe \u00e9triqu\u00e9e \u00bb<span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.8175198068352159\" aria-label=\"Jacques Weulersse, Noirs et blancs : \u00e0 travers l'Afrique nouvelle : de Dakar au Cap. Paris : A. Colin, 1931, 242 p.\">&nbsp;<\/span>. Malgr\u00e9 \u00e7a, zot i niabou pa anbare l\u00e9volisyon po in l\u00e9konomi kapitalist \u2013 \u00e8k son sist\u00e8m konkiranse\/rantabilit\u00e9. Ce nouvo l\u00e9konomi-la i am\u00e8ne, dessi lo tar, in regroupman l\u00fczine \u00e8k la t\u00e8r. Lo <em>Cr\u00e9dit Foncier Colonial<\/em> (CFC) i rale azot dan la ruine inn apr\u00e9 l\u2019ot, kan li oblije azot ranbourse zot kr\u00e9di. Ce sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 Paris-la va fini par arive lo prinsipal lantrepriz agrikol-ind\u00fcstri\u00e8l la koloni\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Lan\u00e9 1865, po la s\u00e9anse louv\u00e8rtir Kons\u00e9y j\u00e9n\u00e9ral, lo 24 novanm, lo gouvern\u00ebr Dupr\u00e9 i \u00e9splike par la politik lo d\u00e9gr\u00e9naj \u00e9konomik-la. Li di\u00a0:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00ab\u00a0Par lo r\u00e8gloman administratif konm \u00e9konomik, nou l\u00e9 pri dann in kontrol s\u00e9r\u00e9, s\u00e9v\u00e8r. Po \u00e7a m\u00e8m, lo bann koloni i v\u00e9 shape \u00e8k \u00e7a. Toute d\u00e9ssizion nou la b\u00e9zoin po nout d\u00e9vlopman, po kontinu\u00e9 vive, la pa nou i p\u00e9 d\u00e9ssid\u00e9 (\u2026) La solisyon c\u00e9 d\u2019l\u00e9sse anou pran par-nou-m\u00e8m la plipar bann d\u00e9ssizion i rogarde pa la m\u00e9tropol po vr\u00e9man (\u2026) Na pi moiyin am\u00e8ne la koloni La R\u00e9nyon si i r\u00e9ktifi\u00e9 pa totalman la mani\u00e8r son politik l\u00e9 rorganiz\u00e9. Shanjman-la, \u00e7a po am\u00e8ne la popilasyon rantre en part dan la j\u00e8stion p\u00fcblik, dann kons\u00e9y m\u00fcnissipal sanm Kons\u00e9y J\u00e9n\u00e9ral, par in sist\u00e8m z\u00e9l\u00e8ksyon dessi in baz pl\u00fcs rouv\u00e8r.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Lo retour bann zid\u00e9 lotonomi \u2014 jiska drol dann la boush in gouv\u00e8rn\u00ebr\u00ad \u2014 i d\u00e9fande pa antande sone lo gla l\u00e9konomi d\u2019\u00a0<em>plantation.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Kan\u00e7a la fin l\u00e9konomi d\u2019 <em>plantation<\/em> la-arive po La R\u00e9nyon? Zordi, li la-sorte dann l\u00e9konomi do-sik-la, po rantre dann in l\u00e9konomi d\u2019 konsomasyon k\u2019i d\u00e9vlope \u00e8k larjan p\u00fcblik k\u2019i arive issi. Kissoi dann l\u00e9konomik, lo sossial, la politik, depi la kriz bann zan\u00e9 1860, toute kalit\u00e9 zaktivit\u00e9 i sorte pa dann l\u00e9konomi do-sik la-pa s\u00e8rve rienk boushe-trou. Zot la-anprofite toute lo bann kriz ce l\u00e9konomi-la po d\u00e9vlop\u00e9 f\u00fcramezir.<\/p>\n<p>Sirman l\u00e9 maliz\u00e9 po trouve in s\u00ebl r\u00e9zon po \u00e9splike la fin l\u00e9konomi d\u2019 <em>plantation<\/em> issi La R\u00e9nyon. S\u00fcr-\u00e9-s\u00e8rtin, kapotaj-la la-spass\u00e9 rantr\u2019 la fin 19\u00e9m si\u00e8k jiska bann zan\u00e9 1930. I fo argarde en promi\u00e9 bann r\u00e9zon \u00ab an-d\u00e9or \u00bb : labolisyon l\u00e9sklavaj ; la fin lo prix garanti \u00e8k lo d\u00e9maraj in l\u00e9sp\u00e8sse lib\u00e8rt\u00e9 d\u2019 kom\u00e8rse ; la konkiranse do-sik b\u00e9trav ; in shanjman dann labit\u00fcde konsomasyon. I fo rogarde ossi bann r\u00e9zon \u00ab issi m\u00e8m \u00bb : f\u00e9bl\u00e8sse lo kapital bann lantropriz ke la-pa niabou anpar\u00e9 l\u00ebrk lo bann prix la-mont\u00e9 \u2013 sirtou \u00e7ak lo trava\u00efy \u00e8k lo tro-d\u2019kr\u00e9di ; mayaj rantr\u2019 bann sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 familial \u00e8k bann sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 anonime po vr\u00e9man \u2013 \u00e7a nor\u00e9 fini \u00e9k bann relasyon person\u00e8l pat\u00e8rnalist, parlf\u00e8te nor\u00e9 f\u00e9 l\u00e8ve in nouvo sossi\u00e9t\u00e9 rorganiz\u00e9 par klasse sossial.<\/p>\n<p>Lan\u00e9 1883, l\u00ebrk langajism la-fini, la-rorganize lo trava\u00efy dann in sist\u00e9m kolonaj \u2013 in l\u00e9sp\u00e8sse <em>m\u00e9tayage<\/em> f\u00e9 po rale bann d\u00e9ssandan z\u00e9sklav, bann m\u00e9tis kr\u00e9ol, bann zindien t\u00e9 fini zot langajman. Sist\u00e9m kolonaj-la la-rantre partou dessi bann gran dom\u00e8n. Bann propri\u00e9t\u00e8r la-trouve in tik-tak, par kontra san papi\u00e9, po pa zot t\u00e8r i tonbe dan la min bann moun miz\u00e9r k\u2019i ok\u00fcpe en maron lo bordir bann dom\u00e8n. Lo kolonaj i done sirtou in possibilit\u00e9 arrof\u00e9 trava\u00efye dann lagrik\u00fcltir bann zafranshi 1848. Par sist\u00e8m-la, bann gro kolon i ropran kontrol dessi bann travay\u00ebr agrikol-la-miz\u00e8r. Bann d\u00e9ssandan z\u00e9sklav, konm bann zangaj\u00e9 indien sinonsa zafrikin, l\u00e9 oblij\u00e9 marshe po la politik bann propri\u00e9t\u00e8r. An-pl\u00fcs ke \u00e7a, par lo bann lavanse ranboursab ke lo propri\u00e9t\u00e8r i f\u00e9 azot, bann pti kolon-la-t\u00e8r i tonbe sou la koupe propri\u00e9t\u00e8r-la, jiska done ali lo droi d\u00e9sside po son travay\u00ebr koman i fo li am\u00e8ne son prope vie ! <em>Client\u00e9lisme colonial<\/em>-la k\u2019i sorte dir\u00e8k dann in sist\u00e8m pat\u00e9rnalist, \u00e7a lo d\u00e8rni\u00e9 r\u00e8stan l\u00e9konomi d\u2019 <em>plantation<\/em><span class=\"NOTE_MARKER\" rel=\"0.018021299721908024\" aria-label=\"Sudel Fuma (\u2020), La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de plantation dans la deuxi\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du XIXe si\u00e8cle. L\u2019\u00e8re de la r\u00e9volution industrielle.\">&nbsp;<\/span> .<\/p>\n<p>N&#8217;i p\u00e9 domann anou ko\u00e7a la-arive bann demoun l\u00e9z\u00e9kar ke t\u00e9 i gaingne zot boush\u00e9 manz\u00e9 par \u00e7ak t\u00e9 i trava\u00efy dessi lo dom\u00e8n m\u00e8m, sansa dann l\u00fczine do-sik. Sinonsa ko\u00e7a la-f\u00e9 d\u2019 lorganizasyon fonsi\u00e9 l\u00ebrk la-l\u00e8sse en frish z\u00e9ktar par mili\u00e9 lo bann pl\u00fcs gayar t\u00e9r ? L\u00ebrk ossi i ash\u00e8ve koupe par boute, konm la-pa jam\u00e9 f\u00e9 avan, bann pti, konm bann moiyen l\u00e9sploitasyon agrikol.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e9-soman \u00e7ak l\u00e9 s\u00fcr, c\u00e9 k\u2019 toute bann solidarit\u00e9 \u2013 ke nav\u00e9 depi promi\u00e9 moiti\u00e9 19\u00e8m si\u00e8k, kanm\u00e8m lind\u00fcstri do-sik t\u00e9 i d\u00e9kline\u00a0\u2013 la-m\u00e8te anl\u00e8r po lontan bann gro kolon bann zil. \u00c7a, jiska promi\u00e9 d\u00e9b\u00fc d\u00e9partmantalizasyon, apr\u00e9 ankor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":9533,"parent":8554,"menu_order":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-9532","documentaire","type-documentaire","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire\/9532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/documentaire"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/documentaire\/8554"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.portail-esclavage-reunion.fr\/re\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}